Factores predictores del consumo de alcohol en adolescentes: datos de un estudio prospectivo de 1 año de seguimiento

• Matilde Bousoño Serrano ^[1] ; Susana Al-Halabí ^[2] ; Patricia Burón ^[2] ; Marlen Garrido ^[1] ; Eva Mª Díaz-Mesa ^[1] ; Gonzalo Galván ^[1] ; Leticia García-Álvarez ^[2] ; Ángela Velasco ^[1] ; Camilla Wasserman ^[3] ; Vladimir Carli ^[5] ; Christina Hoven ^[3] ; Marco Sarchiapone ^[4] ; Danuta Wasserman ^[5] ; Manuel Bousoño ^[1] ; Mª Paz García-Portilla ^[1] ; Celso Iglesias ^[1] ; Pilar Alejandra Sáiz ^[1] ; Julio Bobes ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad de Oviedo

     Universidad de Oviedo

     Oviedo, España

     
  2. [2] Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental

     Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental

     Madrid, España

     
  3. [3] Columbia University

     Columbia University

     Estados Unidos

     
  4. [4] University of Molise

     University of Molise

     Campobasso, Italia

     
  5. [5] National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm

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• Localización: Adicciones: Revista de socidrogalcohol, ISSN 0214-4840, Vol. 31, Nº. 1, 2019, págs. 52-63
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Predictive factors of alcohol consumption in adolescents: data from 1-year follow-up prospective study
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo  1    2  
• Dialnet Métricas: 8 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    El uso/abuso de alcohol es un problema de salud en los adolescentes. La última Encuesta sobre uso de drogas en Enseñanzas Secundarias realizada en España (ESTUDES 2014-2015), pone de manifiesto que 76,8% de los adolescentes entre 14 y 18 años consumieron alcohol en el último año y 68,2% en el último mes. El principal objetivo es determinar los factores que se asocian con el consumo de alcohol a medio plazo en una muestra de adolescentes españoles. El estudio forma parte del proyecto Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe (SEYLE). La muestra final estuvo compuesta por 708 estudiantes, evaluados en dos momentos temporales [basal (T0) y al año (T1)] [varones: 51,98%, edad media basal (DE)=4,43 (0,67)]. Se realizaron análisis de regresión univariante y multivariante, con el fin de investigar las relaciones entre posibles variables predictoras descritas en el momento temporal T0 y el consumo de alcohol en el momento T1.En el momento basal (T0) la prevalencia de abuso de alcohol fue del 25,56%, mientras que la prevalencia al año fue del 49,72% (T1). Las variables que predicen de forma significativa el abuso de alcohol al cabo de un año son: abuso previo del alcohol en el momento T0 (p< 0,001), abuso previo de drogas (p=0,011), padres que asisten a sus competiciones deportivas (p=0,005), problemas de relación con compañeros (p=0,019) y ausencia de comportamiento prosocial (p=0,043). A la vista de nuestros resultados se puede concluir que, en adolescentes, los trastornos externalizantes parecen ser factores determinantes de consumo de alcohol a medio plazo.

  • English

    Alcohol use/abuse is a health problem in adolescents. The last Survey on use of drugs in Secondary Schoolers carried out in Spain (ESTUDES 2014-2015), reveals that 76.8% of adolescents aged 14 to 18 years consumed alcohol in the previous year and 68.2% in the last month. The aim of this study is to determine the medium-term factors associated with alcohol consumption in a sample of Spanish adolescents. The present study was carried out as a part of the Saving and Empowering Young Lives project in Europe (SEYLE) project.

    The final sample was composed of 708 students, assessed at two times [basal (T0) and one year later (T1)] [males: 51.98%, basal mean age (SD)=4.43 (0.67)]. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed in order to investigate relationships between possible predictive variables found at time T0 and alcohol consumption at time T1. At basal time (T0) the prevalence of alcohol abuse was 25.56%, whereas the prevalence one year later was 49.72% (T1). Variables that significantly predict alcohol abuse within a year are: previous alcohol abuse at T0 (p<0.001), previous abuse of drugs (p=0.011), parents attending their sporting events (p=0.005), peer problems (p=0.019), and lack of prosocial behaviour (p=0.043). In the light of our results, it can be concluded that, in adolescents, externalizing disorders seem to be determining factors of medium-term alcohol consumption.

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