Aproximación a las necesidades de confort en enfermos críticos desde la Teoría de Kolcaba

• Mª Dolores González Baz ^[2] ; Mª Nieves Moro Tejedor ^[3] ; Mª Isabel Durango Limárquez ^[2] ; Jesús Ledesma Fajardo ^[1] ; Enrique Pacheco del Cerro ^[4]
  1. [1] Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón

     Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón

     Madrid, España

     
  2. [2] Departamento Apoyo a la Práctica Basada en la Evidencia, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. Departamento de Enfermería. Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Madrid, España)
  3. [3] Unidad de Apoyo a la Investigación en Enfermería, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Escuela de Enfermería de Cruz Roja Española, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (Madrid, España)
  4. [4] Departamento de Enfermería. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Unidad de Apoyo a la Investigación, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (Madrid, España)

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• Localización: Ética de los cuidados: Humanización en salud, ISSN-e 1988-7973, Nº. 16, 2023
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Approach to the comfort needs of critical ill patients from the Kolcaba’s Theory
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• Resumen
  • español

    Objetivo principal: Describir las necesidades de confort en enfermos críticos basadas en la Teoría del Confort de Kolcaba. Metodología: revisión narrativa bibliográfica. Resultados principales: El impacto de la enfermedad crítica sobre la condición física y el entorno desconocido afectan negativamente al confort. Esta situación de vulnerabilidad y dependencia requiere la identificación individualizada de las necesidades desde una visión holística, incluyendo aspectos físicos, psicológicos, espirituales, sociales, y ambientales. Actualmente estos aspectos son considerados factores de riesgo modificables relacionados con el delirio y el Síndrome post-UCI, y las recomendaciones para prevenir y reducir su incidencia van encaminadas principalmente a mejorar los niveles de analgesia y reducir la sedación, lo cual supone un importante cambio de paradigma en cuidados críticos. Conclusión principal: La teoría de Kolcaba permitiría identificar individualmente las necesidades de confort, desde la perspectiva del paciente crítico, pudiendo constituir una herramienta para la planificación y evaluación de los cuidados.

  • English

    Objective: Describe the comfort needs of critically ill patients based on Kolcaba's the Mid-Range Theory of Comfort. Methods: narrative literature review. Results: Perception of comfort is negatively affected in critically ill patients due to the impact of disease on physical condition and the influence of the environment. This situation of vulnerability and dependency requires an individualized identification of needs from a holistic approach, considering physical, psychological, social, spiritual, and environmental factors. Currently, some of these aspects are considered modifiable risk factors related to delirium and post-ICU syndrome, and the recommendations to prevent and reduce their incidence are aimed improving analgesia levels and reducing the sedation, which represents an important paradigm change in critical care. Conclusions: The Kolcaba Comfort Theory would allow individual comfort needs, from the patient's perspective, and could also constitute a tool for planning and evaluating care.

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