Suplementos dietéticos comerciales para el control de sobrepeso: fuentes naturales de fácil acceso, mecanismos de acción y efectos adversos

• Julieth Bellaizac Riascos ^[1] ; Diana M. Chito Trujillo ^[1] ; Maite Rada Mendoza ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad del Cauca

     Universidad del Cauca

     Colombia

     
• Localización: Revista española de nutrición humana y dietética, ISSN 2173-1292, Vol. 26, Nº. Extra 1, 2022 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Tecnología de los alimentos)
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.14306/renhyd.26.s1.1352
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Commercial Dietary Supplements for overweight control: natural sources of easy access, mechanisms of action and adverse effects
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen

  • Introducción: El uso de suplementos dietéticos es una de las estrategias actualmente más implementada por la población para contrarrestar el sobrepeso u obesidad debido a su fácil y rápida adquisición en Internet, pese a que muchos de ellos no cuenten con un respaldo científico que justifiquen su efectividad y seguridad. En esta revisión se describen los mecanismos de acción y efectos adversos de los principales suplementos para el control de sobrepeso de venta online en el mercado colombiano.

    Material y métodos: En las plataformas de compra online: Amazon, eBay, Walmart, Alibaba, Aliexpress y Mercado libre (Colombia), se identificaron las fuentes naturales de los suplementos dietéticos más destacados (Coffea arábica, Camellia sinensis, Garcinia cambogia, Rubus idaeus, Moringa oleifera, Smallanthus sonchifolius, Cinnamomum verum, Capsicum frutescens L, Cynara scolymus, Zingiber officinale y Hibiscus sabdariffa). Se realizó una revisión siguiendo las recomendaciones propuestas por la declaración PRISMA. Las bases de datos utilizadas para la búsqueda de los artículos entre 2010 y 2020 fueron ScienceDirect, PubMed, SCOPUS, SciELO, Web of Science y el buscador Google académico. Un total de 189 referencias fueron contempladas.

    Resultados: Los principios bioactivos (aislados o en extractos) identificados en las fuentes naturales fueron: polifenoles, teaflavinas, (-)-epigalocatequina-3-O-galato (EGCG), (-)-3-O-(3-O-metil) galato de epigalocatequina (EGCG3), ácido clorogénico, cinamaldehído y ácido hidroxicítrico (HCA), que han demostrado en cultivos celulares y en animales modelo, su capacidad para regular el metabolismo energético, disminuir la lipogénesis, aumentar la oxidación de ácidos grasos e inhibir su síntesis, regular la ingesta de alimentos, entre otras. La hepatotoxicidad y los problemas gastrointestinales con sintomatología leve o moderada, son los efectos adversos más comunes asociados al consumo de este tipo de fuentes.

    Conclusiones: El efecto en la pérdida de peso de las fuentes naturales abordadas en esta revisión, está científicamente respaldada con ensayos in vitro e in vivo con animales, pero debido al escaso soporte científico evidenciado a partir de ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorizados, es necesario realizar más estudios para establecer la objetividad de lo observado y evaluar la seguridad del uso de los suplementos dietéticos derivados para el control de sobrepeso.

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