Asociación entre el consumo de desayuno, estado nutricional y riesgo cardiovascular en escolares chilenos de 6 a 9 años edad

• Ximena Rodríguez Palleres ^[1] ; Raúl Piñuñuri Flores ^[1] ; Katherine Flores Rivera ^[1] ; Karina Rivera Brito ^[1] ; Gabriella Di Capua Ramírez ^[1] ; Álvaro Toledo San Martín ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins

     Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins

     Santiago, Chile

     
• Localización: Revista española de nutrición humana y dietética, ISSN 2173-1292, Vol. 23, Nº. 4, 2019, págs. 222-230
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.14306/renhyd.23.4.643
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Association between breakfast consumption, nutritional status and cardiovascular risk in Chilean schoolchildren from 6 to 9 years old
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    Introducción: En Chile la obesidad infantil es un problema de salud pública, siendo los malos hábitos de alimentación y la disminución de la actividad física las principales causas. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar la asociación entre el estado nutricional, riesgo cardiovascular y el consumo de desayuno en escolares de Santiago de Chile.

    Material y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por 434 escolares de ambos sexos de un establecimiento educacional de Santiago de Chile. El estado nutricional se determinó con la evaluación de peso, estatura y circunferencia cintura. Para describir el consumo de desayuno se aplicó una encuesta elaborada para este estudio.

    Resultados: El 30,2% de los escolares presenta obesidad y el 26,7% tiene sobrepeso según IMC. El 25,3% se clasifica con riesgo de obesidad abdominal y el 31,2% presenta obesidad abdominal según circunferencia cintura. El 18,9% de los evaluados no consume desayuno todos los días. En comparación con los sujetos que consumen siempre desayuno, el riesgo de obesidad fue mayor en aquellos escolares que nunca consumían desayuno (Odds ratio (OR): 1,9 [(IC) del 95%: 0,91-2,97] p = 0,11), al igual que el riesgo de obesidad abdominal (Odds ratio (OR): 1,66 [(IC) del 95%: 0,91-2,97] p = 0,32).

    Conclusiones: Existe una elevada prevalencia de malnutrición por exceso acompañado de un porcentaje importante de escolares que no toma desayuno diariamente. Los escolares que no consumen desayuno todos los días tienen un mayor riesgo de obesidad.

  • English

    Introduction: In Chile, childhood obesity is a public health problem, being the bad eating habits and the decrease of physical activity the main causes. The objective of this study was to explore the association between nutritional status, cardiovascular risk and breakfast consumption in schoolchildren in Santiago, Chile.

    Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 434 schoolchildren of both sexes from an educational establishment in Santiago, Chile. The nutritional status was determined with the evaluation of weight, height and waist circumference. To describe the breakfast consumption, a survey developed for this study was applied.

    Results: 30.2% of school children are obese and 26.7% are overweight according to BMI. 25.3% are classified as having abdominal obesity risk and 31.2% have abdominal obesity according to waist circumference. 18.9% do not eat breakfast every day. Compared to the childen who always eat breakfast, the risk of obesity was higher in those who never consumed (Odds ratio (OR): 1.9 [(IC) 95%: 0.91–2.97], p=0.11), the same as the risk of abdominal obesity (Odds ratio (OR): 1.66 [(IC) 95%: 0.91–2.97], p=0.32).

    Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of excess malnutrition accompanied by a significant percentage of schoolchildren who do not eat breakfast daily. schoolchildren who do not eatbreakfast every day have a higher risk of obesity.

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