Eficacia de intervenciones educativas en la prevención del consumo de alcohol en adolescentes

• Autores: Mª Josefa Rojas Collado
• Localización: Metas de enfermería, ISSN 1138-7262, Vol. 21, Nº. 5, 2018, pág. 1
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.35667/metasenf.2019.21.1003081241
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Efficacy of educational interventions on the prevention of alcohol use in adolescents
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Objetivo: analizar la eficacia de las intervenciones educativas en la prevención del consumo de alcohol en adolescentes.

    Método: revisión sistemática sin metaanálisis sobre bases de datos nacionales (Cuiden) e internacionales (Pubmed, Cinahl y PsycInfo) mediante una estrategia de búsqueda que intentó equilibrar la sensibilidad y la especificidad. Análisis de los datos mediante conteo de votos y test del signo.

    Resultados: se revisó un total de 371 estudios de los cuales se incluyeron 25 ensayos clínicos aleatorios (ECA). Se encontró que el número de estudios que demuestran que las intervenciones educativas tienen un efecto significativamente beneficioso sobre la prevención del consumo de alcohol en adolescentes es estadísticamente superior al número de estudios que no encuentran asociación estadística entre ambas variables o que demuestran que no hay beneficio con la intervención. Las intervenciones que se mostraron beneficiosas en los ECA fueron predominantemente de tipo educativas, con estrategia grupal y de intensidad media o alta (p< 0,05).

    Conclusiones: las intervenciones educativas grupales de media o alta intensidad mostraron eficacia en la prevención del consumo de alcohol en adolescentes, con independencia del contenido de dichas intervenciones.

  • English

    Objective: to analyze the efficacy of educational interventions on the prevention of alcohol use in adolescents.

    Method: a systematic review without meta-analysis on national (Cuiden) and international (Pubmed, Cinahl and PsycInfo) databases, through a search strategy intended to find a balance between sensitivity and specificity. Data analysis was conducted through vote count and sign test.

    Results: in total, 371 studies were reviewed; of these, 25 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included. It was found that a statistically superior number of studies demonstrated that educational interventions had a significantly beneficial impact on the prevention of alcohol use in adolescents, than the number of studies where no statistical association was found between both variables, or that demonstrated no benefit with the intervention. Those interventions demonstrating benefit in RCTs were mostly educational, with a group strategy, and medium or high intensity (p< 0.05).

    Conclusion: group educational interventions with medium or high intensity showed efficacy in the prevention of alcohol use in adolescents, regardless of the contents of said interventions.

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