Estudio del estado nutricional de estudiantes de educación primaria y secundaria de la provincia de Valencia y su relación con la adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea

• Autores: María Navarro Solera, Rebeca González Carrascosa, José Miguel Soriano del Castillo
• Localización: Revista española de nutrición humana y dietética, ISSN 2173-1292, Vol. 18, Nº. 2, 2014, págs. 81-88
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.14306/renhyd.18.2.65
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Nutritional status of students of primary and secondary education of Valencia and the relationship
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Dialnet Métricas: 16 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    Introducción: La obesidad infantil está alcanzando cifras muy elevadas entre la población infantil española favoreciendo la obesidad en la edad adulta. El objetivo del presente estudio es conocer el estado nutricional de estudiantes de seis colegios de la provincia de Valencia y su grado de adhesión a la Dieta Mediterránea (DM).

    Material y métodos: Estudio transversal en el que participaron 777 estudiantes, 49,9% eran chicos y 50,1% chicas con edades comprendidas entre 8 y 16 años. Se determinó el peso y la altura de cada participante y se calculó el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC). A partir del IMC se calculó el Z-score. Para determinar el grado de adhesión a la DM se utilizó el test KidMed.

    Resultados: La prevalencia de sobrepeso fue de 14,5% y la de obesidad del 10,0%. Un total del 53,3%, 30,1% y 16,6% de la muestra total mostraron una adherencia a la DM alta, media y baja respectivamente. Se estudió la relación entre la adhesión a la DM y los siguientes factores: curso académico, sexo y estado nutricional. El estadístico Chi-cuadrado indicó relaciones estadísticamente significativas entre los factores curso académico y estado nutricional con la adherencia a la DM. A mayor edad y mayor IMC, menor adhesión a la DM.

    Conclusiones: Se confirmó que la adherencia a la DM tiene una asociación significativa en el estado nutricional de los jóvenes, empeorando a medida que aumenta la edad. Esto pone de manifiesto la necesidad de reeducar los hábitos alimentarios.

  • English

    Introduction: Childhood obesity is reaching very high in the Spanish pediatric population favouring obesity in adults. To know the nutritional status of students from six schools in the province of Valencia and its degree of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD).

    Material and methods: Cross-sectional study that included 777 students, 49.9% were boys and 50.1% girls aged between 8 and 16 years. Weight and height of each participant was determined and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. From the Z-score BMI was calculated. KIDMED test was used to study the degree of adherence to the MD.

    Results: The prevalence of overweight was 14.5 % and 10.0% obese. A total of 53.3%, 30.1% and 16.6% of the whole sample showed a high, medium and low adherence to the MD, respectively. Age, sex and nutritional status were evaluated according to the adherence to the MD. Chi-squared analysis indicated significant association between academic course and nutritional status with the adherence to the MD. Being older and having a higher BMI supposed lower adherence to the MD.

    Conclusions: We confirmed that the adherence to the MD has significant association with the nutritional status of young people, worsening with increasing age. These results corroborate the need to re-learn eating habits.

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