Intervenciones preventivas en contextos recreativos nocturnos: revisión

• Autores: Amador Calafat Far, Montserrat Juan Jerez, Maria Angels Duch Moyá
• Localización: Adicciones: Revista de socidrogalcohol, ISSN 0214-4840, Vol. 21, Nº. 4, 2009, págs. 387-414
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.20882/adicciones.226
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Dialnet Métricas: 16 Citas
• Resumen

  • Participar en la vida recreativa nocturna es una actividad cultural importante para muchos jóvenes. También es una actividad que interesa a la industria recreativa y a las corporaciones locales por los beneficios económicos, Pero estos aspectos positivos no impide que existan problemas que afectan a los jóvenes (abuso de alcohol y drogas, violencia, sexualidad de riesgo�) o a la propia actividad recreativa (ruido, consumo callejero de alcohol, vandalismo� Existen numerosas posibilidades preventivas, pero que sin embargo cuentan con escasas evaluaciones.

    Hemos clasificado estas actividades preventivas en 11 categorías en función de su objetivo principal (centrados en los locales, educación, cumplir leyes, colaboración con la industria�) y se ha procedido a revisar la evidencia que avala cada tipo de intervención.

    Intervenciones que han sido muy populares como proporcionar información o el testado de pastillas no están avaladas por la investigación. Otras que están siendo actualmente muy impulsadas por la industria como la dispensación responsable de bebidas o el conductor designado, tampoco tienen demostrada su eficacia, especialmente si no existe un sistema obligado de cumplimiento.

    Los programas comunitarios pueden ser efectivos, pero tiene problemas para conseguir su continuidad a medio plazo. Lo que se desprende de esta revisión es que la mejor combinación es la que incluye formación, cooperación y aplicación de la ley. Las medidas �clásicas� (impuestos, control alcoholemia, prohibición consumo menores�) son eficaces y están basadas en evidencia.

    Es importante explorar intervenciones que influyan sobre la base cultural que sostiene la vida de noche. Pero este tipo de intervenciones no dependen de la voluntad o del buen hacer de los profesionales sino de cambios en la sociedad.

    El uso frecuente de programas populares ineficaces contribuyen más a aumentar el problema que a su solución y además tienen el efecto de dar una mala reputación a la prevención.

    Palabras clave: drogas recreativas, prevención, diversión nocturna, evaluación, revisión.

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