Dermatitis por contacto alérgica en el párpado: diagnóstico, diagnóstico diferencial y tratamiento

• Edinson Lopez ^[1] ; Paloma Matus ^[1] ; Daniela Calderón ^[1] ; Roberto Valdes ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad del Desarrollo

     Universidad del Desarrollo

     Santiago, Chile

     
• Localización: Piel: Formación continua en dermatología, ISSN 0213-9251, Vol. 40, Nº. 1 (Enero), 2025, págs. 17-25
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.1016/j.piel.2024.05.006
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Contact allergic dermatitis on the eyelid: Diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment
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• Resumen
  • español

    La dermatitis de párpados puede ser una manifestación de enfermedades endógenas (por ejemplo, dermatitis atópica) o el resultado de exposiciones externas (dermatitis alérgica de contacto). Se siguieron las directrices de Informes Preferidos para Revisiones Sistemáticas y Metaanálisis (PRISMA) en el desarrollo de esta revisión. Se incluyeron revisiones o metaanálisis que evaluaban métodos diagnósticos, tratamientos o búsqueda de alérgenos mediante test de parche para dermatitis por contacto alérgica de los párpados. Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos de investigación de MEDLINE, LILACS y PubMed. Los alérgenos comunes incluyen níquel, preservantes, fragancias y neomicina. Los cosméticos y fragancias son vehículos comunes para los alérgenos responsables. Los más comunes incluyen el oro, la CAPB, el carmín, resina shellac y el timerosal. El diagnóstico de la dermatitis por contacto alérgica se basa en una evaluación clínica y un examen físico. Las pruebas de parche son una herramienta útil para identificar los alérgenos responsables en casos donde la historia clínica no es concluyente. El uso de emolientes y corticoides tópicos puede aliviar los síntomas. Nuevas terapias, como las moléculas target, incluidas los anticuerpos monoclonales (p. ej., dupilumab), y los inhibidores JAK (p. ej., tofacitinib), se han convertido en herramientas útiles para los casos refractarios.

  • English

    Eyelid dermatitis can be a manifestation of endogenous diseases (for example, atopic dermatitis) or the result of external exposures (contact allergic dermatitis). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed in the development of this review. Reviews or meta-analyses evaluating diagnostic methods, treatments, or allergen search through patch testing for eyelid contact allergic dermatitis were included. Searches were conducted in the research databases of MEDLINE, LILACS, and PubMed. Common allergens include nickel, preservatives, fragrances, and neomycin. Cosmetics and fragrances are common vehicles for responsible allergens. The most common ones include gold, CAPB, carmine, shellac resin, and thimerosal. The diagnosis of eyelid contact allergic dermatitis is based on clinical evaluation and physical examination. Patch tests are a useful tool to identify responsible allergens in cases where clinical history is inconclusive. The use of emollients and topical corticosteroids can alleviate symptoms. New therapies such as targeted molecules like monoclonal antibodies (e.g., Dupilumab) and JAK inhibitors (e.g., Tofacitinib) have become useful tools for refractory cases.

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