Factores de riesgo para las molestias de la musculatura isquiotibial en futbolistas

• Autores: Raquel Montaña Cortés, Irene García Ibáñez
• Localización: Revista Sanitaria de Investigación, ISSN-e 2660-7085, Vol. 5, Nº. 7, 2024
• Idioma: español
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Introducción: La lesión de la musculatura isquiotibial es muy frecuente en el fútbol, causando la ausencia de los jugadores en entrenamientos y partidos. Además, el dolor y las molestias musculares son comunes en esta musculatura. A pesar de su alta incidencia, los factores de riesgo siguen sin estar claramente definidos.

    Objetivo: Conocer los factores de riesgo para presentar molestias en la musculatura isquiotibial y su relación con la presencia de lesiones.

    Diseño del estudio: Estudio observacional descriptivo transversal.

    Material y método: 32 jugadores juveniles del club deportivo Actur Pablo Iglesias participaron en el estudio. En la sesión inicial se midió la longitud muscular de los isquiotibiales y la fuerza máxima isométrica de: Isquiotibiales, cuádriceps, flexores, extensores, abductores y aductores de cadera.

    Durante las 4 semanas que duró el estudio, se realizó un seguimiento de las molestias musculares presentes por medio de un cuestionario semanal y se registraron los días de consulta fisioterapéutica, perdida de entrenamiento y/o partido.

    Resultados: La longitud muscular de los isquiotibiales mostró una correlación estadísticamente significativa con las molestias musculares (p=0,012). Fue una correlación positiva (r=0,313). Las diferencias entre grupos únicamente fueron estadísticamente significativas para la longitud muscular de los isquiotibiales en G1-G2 y G1-G3.

    Conclusiones: La menor capacidad de elongación de la musculatura isquiotibial muestra una asociación positiva moderada con la presencia de molestias musculares. Las diferencias de la longitud muscular entre los grupos, no siempre es estadísticamente significativa.

  • English

    Introduction: Hamstring injury is very common in football, causing the absence of players in training and matches. In addition, muscle pain and discomfort are common in this musculature. Despite its high incidence, the risk factors remain unclear.

    Objective: Investigate the risk factors for hamstring discomfort and its relationship with the presence of injuries.

    Study design: Cross-sectional descriptive observational study.

    Material and method: 32 youth players from the Actur Pablo Iglesias sports club participated in the study. In the initial session, the muscle length of the hamstrings and the maximum isometric strength of: Hamstrings, quadriceps, flexors, extensors, abductors and hip adductors were measured.

    During the 4 weeks that the study lasted, the muscular discomfort present was monitored through a weekly questionnaire and the days of physiotherapy consultation, missed training and/or matches were recorded.

    Results: The muscle length of the hamstrings showed a statistically significant correlation with muscle discomfort (p=0.012). It was a positive correlation (r=0.313). The differences between groups were only statistically significant for hamstring muscle length in G1-G2 and G1-G3.

    Conclusions: The lower elongation capacity of the hamstring muscles shows a moderate positive association with the presence of muscle discomfort. The differences in muscle length between groups are not always statistically significant.

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