Efectos adversos de la radiación cósmica en personal aeronáutico: Revisión Sistemática

• María Teresa Ortiz-Ortiz ^[1] ; Ana Cecilia Romero-Aguirre ^[2] ; Valeria Olivier-Morillo ^[3] ; Fátima Rosalyn Gonzales-Alvarado ^[1]
  1. [1] Unidad Docente de Medicina del Trabajo de Madrid. España
  2. [2] Unidad Docente de Medicina del Trabajo de Islas Baleares. España.
  3. [3] Unidad Docente de Medicina del Trabajo de Castilla y León. España.

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• Localización: Medicina y seguridad del trabajo, ISSN-e 1989-7790, ISSN 0465-546X, Vol. 69, Nº. 272, 2023, págs. 160-186
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Side effects of cosmic radiation on aeronautic personnel: Systematic Review
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• Resumen
  • español

    Introducción: El personal de vuelo y astronautas estan sometidos a exposición ocupacional a radiación cósmica que podría producir la aparición de efectos patológicos. Hasta el momento, la evidencia disponible se orienta al estudio de patologías específicas sin recoger todos los posibles efectos adversos.

    Método: Revisión sistemática (RS) de la literatura publicada hasta enero 2023. Las bases de datos consultadas fueron PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS y Cochrane. Los descriptores utilizados fueron “Adverse effects”, “Cosmic Radiation”, y “Aeronautic”. Se incluyeron estudios con información sobre eventos adversos de la radiación cósmica en trabajadores expuestos. Se evaluó la calidad de la evidencia.

    Resultados: Se incluyeron 27 estudios (11 RS y 16 observacionales). Algunos estudios encontraron que los trabajadores aeronáuticos tenían mayor riesgo neoplásico (cáncer de mama, cerebro, leucemia y melanoma) y de cataratas nucleares. Sin embargo, otros estudios no describieron el desarrollo de enfermedades neoplásicas ni otras patologías estudiadas (genéticas, ginecológicas o cardiovasculares) por radiaciones ionizantes. La calidad de las RS (AMSTAR–2) fue críticamente baja en la mayoría, y los estudios observacionales (STROBE) obtuvieron una media de alrededor del 72%.

    Conclusiones: La evidencia disponible no permite encontrar causalidad directa entre exposición a radiación cósmica y aparición de patologías en personal expuesto. Se consideran necesarios nuevos estudios bien diseñados

  • English

    Introduction: Aircrew and astronauts are subject to cosmic radiation as part of their jobs and could be associatedwith various pathological effects. Until now, available evidence is oriented to the study of specific pathologies without consideration of all possible adverse effects.

    Method: A systematic review (SR) from literature found until 2023 January. The databases included were PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS and Cochrane. The following descriptors used “Adverse effects” “Cosmic Radiation” and “Aeronautic”. Included studies had information on adverse effects of cosmic radiation in exposed workers. We assessed the quality of the evidence.

    Results: 27 studies were included (11 SR and 16 observational). Some articles determined that aeronautic personnel have a higher cancer risk (breast, brain, leukemia and melanoma) and nuclear cataracts. However, other studies did not describe neoplastic diseases or other studied pathologies (genetics, gynecological, cardiovascular) due to ionizing radiation. The quality of the SR (AMSTAR-2) was critically low in the vast majority and the average quality for observational studies (STROBE) around 72%.

    Conclusions: Available evidence does not allow us to find direct causality between exposure to cosmic radiation and the appearance of pathologies in exposed personnel. New well-designed studies considered necessary.

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