Efectividad de una intervención educativa de enfermería sobre la modificación de factores de riesgo coronarios

• Ivonne Brevis Urrutia ^[2] ; Sandra Valenzuela Suazo ^[1] ; Katia Sáez Carrillo ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad de Concepción

     Universidad de Concepción

     Comuna de Concepción, Chile

     
  2. [2] Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente Unidad de Emergencia
• Localización: Ciencia y enfermería, ISSN-e 0717-9553, Vol. 20, Nº. 3, 2014, págs. 43-57
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.4067/S0717-95532014000300005
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Educational effectiveness of nursing intervention on the modification of risk factors coronary
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Este estudio se realizó con el propósito de modificar los factores de riesgo coronario de un grupo de pacientes que padecieron un infarto agudo al miocardio, realizándoles una intervención educativa de enfermería orientada a la Rehabilitación Cardiovascular. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la intervención educativa a este grupo de pacientes. Material y método: Estudio de tipo cuasi-experimental, realizado en la Unidad Cardioquirúrgica del Hospital Clínico Regional de Concepción, de enero a septiembre del 2012, que presentaban múltiples factores de riesgo coronarios, los cuales fueron sometidos a un régimen de ejercicios físicos, así como sesiones educativas. La muestra fue de 63 pacientes, el grupo control quedo constituido por 32 pacientes y el grupo experimental por 31, a ambos grupos se les aplicó una encuesta biosociodemográfica. Resultados: Se observó que los factores de riesgo coronario: obesidad, sedentarismo, hábito de fumar, e hipertensión arterial disminuyeron significativamente. Conclusión: La realización de esta intervención educativa orientada a la rehabilitación cardiovascular, cumple un papel valioso en la modificación de los factores de riesgo coronario, lo que disminuiría la morbimortalidad por esta enfermedad.

  • English

    This study was performed in order to modify coronary risk factors in a group of patients who suffered an acute myocardial infarction performing a nursing educational intervention oriented at Cardiovascular Rehabilitation. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of the educational intervention in this group of patients. Methods: Quasi-experimental Study, conducted in the cardiac surgery unit of the Regional Hospital of Concepción, from January to September 2012, which had multiple coronary risk factors, which were subject to a system of physical exercises, as well as educational sessions. Sample consisted of 63 patients, the control group consisting of 32 patients and 31 for the experimental group, both groups were given a biosociodemographic survey. Results: It was found that coronary risk factors: obesity, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and hypertension were significantly reduced. Conclusion: The realization of this cardiovascular rehabilitation oriented educational intervention plays a valuable role for coronary risk factors modification, which would decrease the morbidity and mortality from this disease.

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