Complicações no pós-operatório de cirurgias cardíacas em pacientes adultos: Revisão de escopo

• Autores: Alcides Viana de Lima Neto, Vivianne Lima de Melo, Daniele Vieira Dantas, Isabelle Katherinne Fernandes Costa
• Localización: Ciencia y enfermería, ISSN-e 0717-9553, Nº. 27, 2021
• Idioma: portugués
• DOI: 10.29393/ce27-34coai40034
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Complicaciones postoperatorias de la cirugía cardíaca en pacientes adultos: Revisión del alcance
  • Postoperative complications of cardiac surgery in adult patients: Scoping review
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• Dialnet Métricas: 1 Cita
• Resumen
  • español

    Objetivo: Mapear las principales complicaciones com el postoperatorio de cirugía cardíaca con pacientes adultos. Material y Método: Revisión de alcance desarrollada a partir de la siguiente pregunta: ¿Cuáles son las principales complicaciones en el postoperatorio de pacientes adultos sometidos a cirugía cardíaca? La revisión siguió las pautas de la Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). La búsqueda se realizó entre diciembre 2019 y enero 2020 en las siguientes bases de datos: CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações de la CAPES, Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCAAP), National Library of Australia (Trove), Europe E-Theses Portal (DART), Electronic Theses Online Service (EThOS), National Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDportal) y Theses Canada. Resultados: El proceso de búsqueda arrojó 25.237 documentos. Se seleccionaron 150 publicaciones para el preanálisis y la muestra final fue de 21 estudios. Los pacientes adultos fueron sometidos a revascularización miocárdica aislada (21; 100%), cirugía valvular aislada (16; 76,19%), revascularización miocárdica combinada com cirugía valvular (8; 38,10%) y cirugía para corregir anomalías congénitas (6; 28,57%). Se identificaron complicaciones infecciosas, neurológicas, cardiovasculares, renales y urinarias, respiratorias, digestivas, hidroelectrolíticas, entre otras. Conclusiones: Las complicaciones tuvieron incidencias diferentes en los estudios analizados; deben ser considerados y estudiados por el equipo de enfermería, para una mejor comprensión de los factores que pueden estar relacionados con su aparición, así como ayudar a prevenirlos y controlarlos.

  • português

    Objetivo: Mapear as principais complicações no pós-operatório de cirurgias cardíacas em pacientes adultos. Material e Método: Revisão de escopo desenvolvida com base na seguinte questão: quais são as principais complicações que ocorrem no pós-operatório nos pacientes adultos submetidos a cirurgia cardíaca? A revisão seguiu as orientações do guia Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). A busca foi realizada nos meses de dezembro 2019 e janeiro 2020 nas fontes de dados: CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus e LILACS, Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES, Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCAAP), National Library of Australia (Trove), Europe E-Theses Portal (DART), Electronic Theses Online Service (EThOS), National Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETD portal), e Theses Canada. Resultados: O processo de busca resultou em 25.237 documentos. Foram selecionadas 150 publicações para pré-análise e a amostra final foi composta por 21 estudos. Os pacientes adultos dos estudos foram submetidos à revascularização miocárdica isolada (21; 100%), cirurgia valvar isolada (16; 76,19%), revascularização miocárdica combinada com cirurgia valvar (8; 38,10%) e cirurgia para correção de doenças congênitas (6; 28,57%). Identificaram-se complicações infecciosas, neurológicas, cardiovasculares, renais e urinárias, respiratórias, digestivas, hidroeletrolíticas, dentre outras. Conclusões: As complicações apresentaram incidências diferentes nos estudos analisados. Elas devem ser consideradas e estudadas pela equipe de enfermagem, para melhor compreensão dos fatores que podem estar relacionados ao seu surgimento, assim como auxiliar na prevenção e controle das mesmas.

  • English

    Objective: To assess the main complications in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery in adult patients. Materials and Methods: Scoping review based on the following research question: what are the main complications that occur postoperatively in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery? The review followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. The search was conducted in the months of December 2019 and January 2020 in the following data sources: CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and LILACS, CAPES Catalogue for Theses and Dissertations, Portugal Open Access Scientific Repository (RCAAP), National Library of Australia (Trove), Europe E-Theses Portal (DART), Electronic Theses Online Service (EThOS), National Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETD portal), and Theses Canada. Results: The search process resulted in 25,237 documents. 150 publications were selected for pre-analysis and the final sample consisted of 21 studies. Adult patients underwent isolated myocardial revascularization (21; 100%), isolated valve surgery (16; 76.19%), myocardial revascularization combined with valve surgery (8; 38.10%) and surgery to correct congenital diseases (6; 28.57%). Infectious, neurological, cardiovascular, renal and urinary, respiratory, digestive and hydroelectrolytic complications, among others, were identified. Conclusions: The analyzed studies showed different incidence rates regarding complications. Complications should be considered and studied by the nursing team in order to better understand the factors related to their occurrence, as well as to help prevent and control them.

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