El papel de la matrona en la prevención de la salud mental perinatal. Revisión

• Matilde Fernández y Fernández-Arroyo ^[1]
  1. [1] Hospital Universitario La Paz

     Hospital Universitario La Paz

     Madrid, España

     
• Localización: Matronas profesión, ISSN-e 2696-6328, ISSN 1578-0740, Vol. 24, Nº. 3, 2023
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • The role of the midwife in the prevention of perinatal mental health. Review
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• Resumen
  • español

    Objetivo: Describir las intervenciones de la matrona en la prevención de la salud mental perinatal.

    Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed, Cumulative Index in Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) y Cochrane Library. La búsqueda de los artículos científicos se realizó en inglés y en español. Las palabras clave utilizadas seleccionadas fueron: «perinatal mental health», «pregnancy», «postpartum», «prevention strategies», «midwife».

    Resultados: Tras varios procesos de análisis se seleccionaron 15 trabajos. De la estrategia de estudio de la bibliografía emergieron tres categorías analíticas: prevención preconcepcional, prevención en la gestación-puerperio y prevención en el parto. En la primera se recogen las intervenciones de matrona para mejorar la salud reproductiva de las personas. En la segunda se describen las intervenciones de matrona para prevenir la salud mental perinatal en la gestación y el puerperio. En la tercera se detallan las intervenciones de prevención en el parto. Se presenta evidencia de la relación entre los cuidados en estas etapas y la salud mental perinatal (SMP).

    Conclusiones: Los cuidados en estas etapas son la base de la SMP. Las intervenciones de matrona se relacionan con la SMP. El trabajo aporta fundamentación para que los profesionales conozcan la repercusión del trabajo asistencial y educativo en la salud de las mujeres y de los recién nacidos en estos periodos.

  • English

    Objective: To describe midwifery interventions in the prevention of perinatal mental health.

    Methods: A literature review was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Cumulative Index in Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Cochrane Library. The search for scientific articles was carried out in English and Spanish. The selected keywords used were: "perinatal mental health", "pregnancy", "postpartum", "prevention strategies", "midwife".

    Results: After several analysis processes, 15 papers were selected. Three analytical categories emerged from the literature review strategy: preconception prevention, gestational-partum prevention, and birth prevention. The first category covers midwifery interventions to improve the reproductive health of individuals. The second describes midwifery interventions to prevent perinatal mental health during pregnancy and the postpartum period. The third details prevention interventions in childbirth. Evidence of the relationship between care at these stages and perinatal mental health (PMH) is presented.

    Conclusions: Care at these three stages have an impact in the PMH. Midwifery interventions have a positive impact in the PMH. This paper provides the basis for professionals to be aware of the impact of care and educational work on the health of women and newborns in these periods.

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