Programa de entrenamiento basado en TeamSTEPPS® mediante simulación clínica en profesionales de cuidados intensivos: un estudio con metodología mixta

• Autores: Óscar Arrogante, Marta Raurell Torredà, Ignacio Zaragoza García, Francisco Javier Sánchez Chillón, A.M. Aliberch Raurell, A. Amaya Arias, Andrés Rojo Rojo
• Localización: Enfermería intensiva, ISSN 1130-2399, Vol. 34, Nº. 3, 2023, págs. 126-137
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • TeamSTEPPS®-based clinical simulation training program for critical care professionals: A mixed-methodology study
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• Resumen

  • Introducción El programa Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety (TeamSTEPPS®) ha demostrado mejorar el trabajo interprofesional entre los profesionales sanitarios mejorando el trabajo en equipo. Se formó a profesionales de cuidados intensivos en esta metodología mediante el Curso «Instructor/a en simulación: Mejorando el Trabajo en Equipo a Través de TeamSTEPPS®».

    Objetivos Analizar el desempeño del trabajo en equipo y las buenas prácticas en simulación de los profesionales de cuidados intensivos asistentes al curso y explorar sus percepciones sobre la experiencia formativa llevada a cabo durante el mismo.

    Métodos Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo transversal y fenomenológico mediante una metodología mixta. Se aplicaron a los 18 asistentes al curso los cuestionarios «TeamSTEPPS™ 2.0 Team Performance Observation Tool» para evaluar el desempeño del trabajo en equipo y «Educational Practices Questionnaire» para las buenas prácticas en simulación tras los escenarios simulados. Posteriormente se realizó una entrevista grupal a través de un grupo focal a ocho asistentes mediante la plataforma de videoconferencias Zoom™. Se realizó un análisis temático y de contenido de los discursos desde el paradigma interpretativo. Los datos cuantitativos y cualitativos se analizaron mediante los programas IBM SPSS Statistics™ 27.0 y MAXQDA Analytics Pro™, respectivamente.

    Resultados Tanto el nivel de desempeño del trabajo en equipo (media = 96,25; DT = 8.257) como las buenas prácticas en simulación (media = 75; DT = 1.632) tras los escenarios simulados fueron adecuados. Se identificaron los siguientes temas principales: satisfacción con la metodología TeamSTEPPS®, utilidad de la metodología, barreras de implementación de la misma y habilidades no técnicas mejoradas a través del TeamSTEPPS®.

    Conclusiones La metodología TeamSTEPPS® puede ser una buena estrategia de educación interprofesional para la mejora de la comunicación el trabajo en equipo en profesionales de cuidados intensivos, tanto a nivel asistencial (mediante estrategias de simulación in situ), como a nivel docente (mediante su inclusión en el curriculum de los estudiantes).

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