¿Disminuye la vacunación antigripal el riesgo de COVID-19?: Estudio de casos y controles en un centro de Atención Primaria durante el año 2020

• Autores: Lluis Cuixart Costa, Nariman Chahboun El Messaoudi
• Localización: Revista española de salud pública, ISSN 1135-5727, ISSN-e 2173-9110, Nº. 97, 2023
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Does influenza vaccination reduce the risk of COVID-19?: Case-control study in a Primary Care center during the year 2020
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    FUNDAMENTOS // Existen controversias en relación al efecto de la vacuna antigripal (VAG) sobre el riesgo de padecer COVID-19.

    El objetivo de este artículo fue comparar el riesgo de padecer COVID-19 entre pacientes vacunados y no vacunados contra la gripe.

    MÉTODOS // Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles retrospectivo de pacientes asignados a un Centro de Atención Primaria urbano (cobertura: 44.564 habitantes) durante 2020. Se definieron como casos los pacientes con confirmación diagnóstica de COVID-19 (TAR, PCR o serología) y como controles los que no habían presentado dicha infección, seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio simple. La relación de casos/controles fue 1:1. Se utilizaron las bases de datos de registro de datos sanitarios Khalix y la historia clínica informatizada (E-cap). Se analizaron los datos con un modelo de regresión logística multivariable.

    RESULTADOS // Se incluyeron en el estudio un total de 4.320 pacientes: 2.160 casos (50%) y 2.160 controles. Estaban vacunados de la gripe el 18% de los casos y el 14,3% de los controles [OR=1,3 (IC95%:1,2-1,5; p=0,001)]. El análisis multivariable mostró que en los pacientes menores de ochenta años no existían diferencias entre los pacientes vacunados y los no vacunados, [OR=1,02 (IC95%:0,8- 1,3; p=0,8)]; mientras que en los mayores de 80 años, existía un menor riesgo de presentar COVID-19 en los pacientes vacunados [OR=0,4 (IC95%:0,3-0,7; p<0,001)].

    CONCLUSIONES // El modelo ajustado mostró que, en la población estudiada, en edades superiores a ochenta años, los pacientes vacunados de la gripe presentan un menor riesgo de sufrir COVID-19.

  • English

    BACKGROUND // There are controversies regarding the effect of the influenza vaccine on the risk of suffering from COVID-19. The aim of this paper was to compare the risk of suffering from COVID-19 between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients against influenza.

    METHODS // A retrospective case-control study of patients assigned to an urban CAP (coverage: 44,564 inhabitants) was carried out during 2020. Patients with diagnostic confirmation of COVID-19 (ART, PCR or serology) were defined as cases, and those who have not had said infection, selected by simple random sampling, were defined as controls. The case/control ratio was 1:1. The data sources used were the Khalix health data registry databases and the computerized medical record (E-cap). Data were analyzed with a multivariable logistic regression model.

    RESULTS // A total of 4,320 patients were included in the study: 2,160 cases (50%) and 2,160 controls. 18% of the cases and 14.3% of the controls were vaccinated against influenza [OR=1.3 (95% CI: 1.2-1.5; p=0.001)]. Multivariate analysis showed that in patients under eighty years of age, there were no differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients [OR=1.02 (95% CI: 0.8-1.3; p=0.8)]; while in those over eighty years of age, there was a lower risk of presenting COVID-19 in vaccinated patients [OR=0.4 (95% CI: 0.3-0.7; p<0.001)].

    CONCLUSIONS // The adjusted model shows that at ages above than 80 years, flu-vaccinated patients have decreased risk of COVID-19 with statistical significance.

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