Acceso usuarios
Fred Gustavo Manrique Abril, Lina Fernanda Barrera Sánchez, Juan Manuel Ospina Díaz
En Boyacá los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) registran prevalencia de vida de 1,2% y se desconoce su desarrollo paulatino. Se determina la prevalencia de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y factores de riesgo probablemente asociados en adolescentes de 13 a 17 años que asisten a dos colegios de la ciudad de Tunja, Boyacá, mediante un estudio de prevalencia analítica de corte transversal y un instrumento compuesto por las pruebas BITE (Cuestionario de Investigación de Bulimia de Edimburgo), EAT-26 (Cuestionario de Actitudes Nutricionales) y SCOFF(del acrónimo en inglés sick, control, one, fat, food), autoaplicado a 179 adolescentes de la ciudad de Tunja. La prevalencia de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria es de 10,6% para bulimia, 1,1% para anorexia. Como principales factores de riesgo asociados, estadísticamente significativos, se encontraron las prácticas dietéticas con una prevalencia de 42,9% para bulimia (OR = 8,76;p = 0,006) y 14,3% para anorexia (OR ajusta do 66.2; p < .01),la práctica de ayuno independiente de la periodicidad con prevalencia de 36% y 6,5% para bulimia (OR = 8,1; p = 0,0009) y 8% (OR = 32,8; p = 0.005) para anorexia, respectivamente. Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria registran prevalencias relativamente altas en Tunja; la frecuencia de anorexia es menor y la de bulimia es mayor que las medias nacional y departamental correspondientes. Estos fenómenos se suman a la desnutrición existente, problema aparentemente no ligado con el grado de accesibilidad a los alimentos y/o la práctica de dietas balanceadas.
In the depart ment of Boyacá, eating disorders (in Spanish, TCA) show a prevalence of life of 1.2% and its gradual development is unknown. The purpose of the study isto determine the prevalence of the se eating disorders and the risk factors potentially associated with them in 13-17 year-olders from two schools of the capital city of Tunja, in the department of Boyacá. A cross-sectional and analytical prevalence study was used, along with an instrument which inte grated the Edinburgh Bulimia Test, BITE; The Eating Attitudes Test, EAT-26; and the SCOFF (Sick, Control, One, Fat, Food) questionnaire, self-applied by 179 Tunja adolescents. There sults show that the prevalence of eating disorders is 10.6% for bulimia and 1.1% for anorexia. The main associated risk factors, which are statistically significant, are: dieting, with a prevalence of 42.9% for bulimia (OR =8.76; p = 0.006), and 14.3% for anorexia (OR adjusted 66.2;p< .01); fasting, regard less of the frequency, with an incidece of 36% and 6.5% for bulimia (OR = 8.1; p = 0,0009) and 8% (OR = 32.8; p = 0.005) for anorexia, respectively. It might be concluded that the incidence of eating disorders is relatively high in Tunja, where the frequency of anorexia is lower than the national and departmental media, while the frequency of bulimia is higher. These problems are taken in conjunction with the existing mal nutrition, which does not seem to be associated with the degree of access to food and/or the consumption of balanced diets.
