Manifestaciones dermatológicas asociadas a la gravedad de la infección por COVID-19: estudio observacional transversal retrospectivo de 144 pacientes

• Abril Del Rocio Morales González ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala

     Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala

     Guatemala

     
• Localización: Piel: Formación continua en dermatología, ISSN 0213-9251, Vol. 38, Nº. 4 (ABRIL), 2023, págs. 224-230
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.1016/j.piel.2022.07.005
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Dermatological manifestations associated with the severity of COVID-19 infection: A retrospective cross-sectional observational study in 144 patients
• Enlaces
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• Resumen
  • español

    Introducción: la infección por COVID-19 es una enfermedad provocada por el coronavirus tipo 2 causante del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARS-CoV-2), que afecta la mucosa respiratoria y a todos aquellos órganos que presenten el receptor de angiotensina tipo 2 (ACE2), incluyendo la piel. Diversos autores han mencionado la importancia de comunicar y llevar a cabo bases de datos sobre las lesiones cutáneas provocadas por este virus, dado que está relacionada con la detección, gravedad y pronóstico de la condición sistémica.

    Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional transversal de corte retrospectivo de los casos de pacientes que presentaron manifestaciones dermatológicas por COVID-19, registrados en la base de datos física del Hospital Nacional Especializado de Villa Nueva, Guatemala, entre el primero de enero y el 31 de diciembre del año 2021.

    Resultados: un total de 144 pacientes presentaron manifestaciones dermatológicas por COVID-19 las cuales fueron: lesiones acrales (42%), exantema (21%), enfisema subcutáneo (12%), lesiones en la mucosa oral (7%), necrosis (6%), eritema multiforme (5%), efluvio telógeno (2%), lesiones vesiculares (2%), urticaria (1%), pitiriasis rosada de Gibert (1%) y lesión tipo livedo (1%). Se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa (p = 000) en los pacientes que presentaron manifestaciones dermatológicas con daño vasculonecrótico al tener mayor probabilidad de padecer una enfermedad grave-critica (OR 2,91; IC 95% 1063-3083).

    Conclusiones: la identificación temprana de la semiología cutánea resulta esencial para el tratamiento adecuado de las complicaciones asociadas a la enfermedad por COVID-19.

  • English

    Introduction: COVID-19 infection is a disease caused by the type 2 coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) that affects the respiratory mucosa and all those organs that present the type 2 angiotensin receptor (ACE2), within them the skin.

    Several authors have mentioned the importance of reporting and carrying out databases on skin lesions caused by this virus, since it is related to the detection, severity and prognosis of the systemic condition.

    Material and methods: A retrospective cross-sectional observational study was carried out on the cases of patients who presented dermatological manifestations due to COVID-19, registered in the physical database of the National Specialized Hospital of Villa Nueva, Guatemala, from January 1st to December 31, 2021.

    Results: A total of 144 patients presented dermatological manifestations due to COVID-19, which were: acral lesions (42%), rash (21%), subcutaneous emphysema (12%), oral mucosal lesions (7%), necrosis (6%), erythema multiforme (5%), telogen effluvium (2%), vesicular lesions (2%), urticaria (1%), pityriasis rosea Gibert (1%) and livedo-type lesion (1%). A statistically significant association (p = 0,00) was found in patients who presented dermatological manifestations with vasculonecrotic damage as they were more likely to suffer from severe to critical disease (OR 2,91; 95% CI 1063-3083).

    Conclusions: Early identification of cutaneous semiology is essential for timely management of complications associated with COVID-19 disease.

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