Acceso usuarios
Objetivo: determinar el nivel de autoeficacia percibida de personas cuidadoras familiares de la Zona Básica de Salud (ZBS) de Torrijos (Toledo, España), describiendo la repercusión de variables sociodemográficas y de cuidado en la autoeficacia. Identificar la influencia de la sobrecarga, la autoestima y la utilización de servicios sociosanitarios en la autoeficacia.
Metodología: estudio descriptivo transversal (nov 2020- mar 2021). Se incluyeron personas adultas cuidadoras de la ZBS mediante muestreo de conveniencia a través de personal sanitario. Se midieron variables sociodemográficas de la persona cuidadora y cuidada, autoeficacia percibida (escala revisada de autoeficacia para el cuidado: alta/ baja), sobrecarga del cuidador (escala de Zarit: sin, sobrecarga, sobrecarga intensa), autoestima (escala de Rosenberg: mín.10 a máx. 40) y uso de servicios sociosanitarios, mediante cuestionario heteroadministrado. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y bivariantes.
Resultados: participaron 88 personas (83% mujeres, 56,8% hijas, edad media de 61 años, con dedicación media al cuidado de 16 horas diarias). El 33% tenía sobrecarga y una autoestima media de 37,6 sobre 40. El 58% utilizaba algún servicio sociosanitario. El 53,3% mostró alta autoeficacia. Tuvieron mayor autoeficacia quienes compartían cuidados con otras personas (p= 0,01), percibían apoyo (p= 0,02) y cuidaban a mujeres (p= 0,03). Las personas con alta autoeficacia habían dedicado menos meses al cuidado (p< 0,05), tenían menor sobrecarga y realizaron más consultas con el personal de Enfermería tras la pandemia. No hubo asociación entre la utilización de servicios sociosanitarios con la autoeficacia ni la sobrecarga.
Conclusiones: la percepción de apoyo, la presencia de más cuidadores y cuidar a mujeres se asociaron a mayor autoeficacia. Existió una asociación negativa entre autoeficacia y sobrecarga.
Objective: to determine the level of self-efficacy perceived by caregivers to relatives in the Torrijos Basic Health Area (Toledo, Spain), describing the impact of sociodemographic and care variables on self-efficacy. To identify the influence on self-efficacy of overload, self-esteem, and the use of sociosanitary services.
Methodology: a descriptive cross-sectional study (November 2020-March 2021). Adult caregivers from the BHA were included by convenience sampling through healthcare staff. The sociodemographic variables of the caregiver and of the person cared for were measured, as well as their perceived self-efficacy (revised self-efficacy scale for care: high / low), caregiver overload (Zarits scale: without, overload, intense overload), self-esteem (Rosenberg scale: minimum 10 to maximum 40) and use of sociosanitary services through self-administered hetero questionnaire. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were conducted.
Results: the study included 88 persons (83% were female, 56.8% daughters, 61 years as mean age, with a mean dedication to care of 16 hours per day). Of these, 33% had overload and a mean self-esteem of 37.6 over 40; 58% used some sociosanitary service; and 53.3% showed high self-efficacy. There was higher self-efficacy in those who shared care with other persons (p= 0.01), perceived support (p= 0.02) and cared for women (p= 0.03). Those persons with high self-efficacy had dedicated fewer months to care (p< 0.05), had lower overload and conducted more consultations with the Nursing staff after the pandemics. There was no association between the use of sociosanitary services and self-efficacy or overload.
Conclusions: the perception of support, the presence of more caregivers and caring for women were associated with higher self-efficacy. There was a negative association between self-efficacy and overload.
