Alteraciones neoplásicas en el paciente trasplantado renal. Una revisión sistemática

• Guillén-Gómez, Irene ^[1] ; Blanco-García, Marina ^[1] ; Aránega-Gavilán, Susana ^[1] ; Crespo-Montero, Rodolfo ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad de Córdoba

     Universidad de Córdoba

     Cordoba, España

     
• Localización: Enfermería Nefrológica, ISSN 2254-2884, Vol. 25, Nº. 3, 2022, págs. 204-215
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.37551/52254-28842022021
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Neoplastic alterations in the renal transplant patient. A systematic review
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Dialnet Métricas: 1 Cita
• Resumen
  • español

    Introducción: El trasplante renal se ha destacado como la mejor terapia renal sustitutiva para la enfermedad renal crónica terminal, aunque conlleva una serie de riesgos entre los que el cáncer se destaca cada vez más, por lo que parece importante determinar el impacto que tiene en esta población.Objetivo: Conocer y sintetizar la evidencia científica acerca de la incidencia de neoplasias en pacientes trasplantados renales, así como las variables relacionadas con las mismas.Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática en la que se incluyeron 14 artículos procedentes de las bases de Pubmed, Scopus, Scielo, WOS y Google Académico. Como términos MeSH se utilizaron: neoplasias (neoplasms), trasplante de riñón (kidney transplantation), incidencia (incidence), riesgo (risk), factores de riesgo (risk factors). Se incluyeron artículos originales en inglés y español, en población trasplantada adulta.Resultados: Se incluyeron 14 artículos de diseño observacional. De la revisión emergieron como principales variables: incidencia general, datos demográficos y tratamientos previos, otras características asociadas, tumores más frecuentes y medidas preventivas.Conclusiones: La incidencia de neoplasias en el paciente trasplantado es alta, sobre todo en la edad avanzada y pacientes con tratamiento inmunosupresor con ciclosporina y azatioprina siendo este último, junto al trasplante procedente de cadáver, los principales factores de riesgo encontrados. Los cánceres de piel no melanoma son los más prevalentes y como medidas de prevención se destaca llevar a cabo un cribado rutinario, fomento de una vida saludable, y promoción y potenciación de la vacunación de la hepatitis B.

  • English

    Introduction: Renal transplantation has been considered the best renal replacement therapy for end-stage chronic kidney disease, even though it carries a number of risks among which cancer is increasingly prominent. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the impact on this population.Objective: To understand and synthesise the scientific evidence on the incidence of neoplasms in renal transplant patients, as well as the related variables.Methodology: A systematic review was carried out including 14 articles from Pubmed, Scopus, Scielo, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. The MeSH terms used were: neoplasms, kidney transplantation, incidence, risk, risk factors. Original articles written in English and Spanish, studying adult transplanted population were included.Results: Fourteen articles with observational design were included. The main variables that emerged from the review were: overall incidence, demographic data and previous treatments, other associated characteristics, most frequent tumours and preventive measures.Conclusions: TThe incidence of neoplasms in transplant patients is high, especially in the older age group and in patients with immunosuppressive treatment with cyclosporine and azathioprine; the latter, together with transplantation from cadaver, being the main risk factors found. Non-melanoma skin cancers are the most prevalent and prevention measures include routine screening, promotion of a healthy lifestyle, and promotion and enhancement of hepatitis B vaccination.

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