Bases bioquímicas y neurobiológicas de la adicción al alcohol

• Autores: Francisco Javier Ayesta Ayesta
• Localización: Adicciones: Revista de socidrogalcohol, ISSN 0214-4840, Vol. 14, Nº. Extra 1, 2002 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Alcohol), págs. 63-78
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.20882/adicciones.520
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Dialnet Métricas: 4 Citas
• Resumen

  • Los últimos avances neurocientíficos han permitido profundizar en la fisiopatología del alcoholismo a nivel bioquímico y celular. Actualmente se sabe que los efectos agudos del etanol están fundamentalmente mediados por su interacción con neurotransmisores aminoácidos (primordialmente en los receptores GABAA y NMDA), así como cambios paralelos en determinadas aminas como la dopamina y la noradrenalina. Las respuestas neuroadpatativas en los receptores de aminoácidos subyacen probablemente en componentes importantes del síndrome de abstinencia, contribuyendo a la muerte neuronal que se encuentra en el alcoholismo crónico. Aunque no están tan bien comprendidas, las propiedades reforzadoras del etanol parecen estar mediadas fundamentalmente por la activación de receptores GABAA, la liberación de péptidos opioides, la interacción con receptores nicotínicos y la liberación indirecta de dopamina.

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