Efectividad de una intervención enfermera en la mejora de la limpieza intestinal en pacientes que van a ser sometidos a colonoscopia ambulatoria

• López-Cózar Gámiz, José Antonio ^[1]
  1. [1] Diplomado en Enfermería Escuela Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud de Granada. Enfermero Hospital General Gregorio Marañón
• Localización: Conocimiento Enfermero, ISSN-e 2605-3152, Vol. 1, Nº 2, 2018, págs. 57-77
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Effectiveness of a nursing intervention in the better quality of patient’s bowel preparation with ambulatory colonoscopy
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    Aunque una preparación intestinal adecuada es un requisito imprescindible para realizar una colonoscopia de calidad y segura, muchos de los pacientes acuden con una preparación deficiente. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la efectividad de una educación sanitaria previa llevada a cabo por enfermería.

    Método. Estudio cuasiexperimental, doble ciego, formado por 2 grupos de pacientes: uno de intervención, en el que se les habrá llamado previamente informando de la dieta a seguir y reafirmar horarios de toma de producto evacuante, y otro de control, en el que se seguirá la práctica habitual en la preparación de las colonoscopias.

    Resultados. 205 pacientes fueron analizados, 102 en grupo intervención. Los datos sociodemográficos y clínicos fueron comparables (homogéneos) entre grupos. Se redujo significativamente la tasa de preparación deficiente (p=0,003). La adherencia a las instrucciones de preparación fue significativamente mayor en el grupo educado (p=0,000), el 73% de los pacientes del grupo intervención cumplieron las instrucciones frente a un 27%.

    Conclusiones. Una intervención educativa enfermera previa a la realización de colonoscopia mejora la calidad de la preparación intestinal de los pacientes, mejorando la adherencia a las instrucciones de preparación y reduciendo el número de procedimientos suspendidos.

  • English

    Although adequate bowel preparation is an essential requirement for a quality and safe colonoscopy, many of the patients come with a poor preparation. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a previous health education carried out by nurses.

    Method. Quasi-experimental study, double blind, formed by two groups of patients: one of intervention, in which they have been previously called informing of the diet to follow and reaffirm hour to take evacuation product, and another control, which will follow the usual practice in the preparation of colonoscopies.

    Results. 205 patients were analyzed, 102 in the intervention group. The sociodemographic and clinical data variables were comparable (homogeneous) between groups. The poor preparation rate was significantly reduced (p = 0.003). The adherence to preparation instructions was significantly higher in the educated group (p = 0.000), 73% of the intervention group patients performed with the instructions against 27%.

    Conclusions. An educational nurse intervention prior to the realization of the colonoscopy improves the quality of bowel preparation of patients, improving the adherence to the instructions for preparation and reduction of the number of suspended procedures.

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