Consideraciones ético y clínicas en la nutrición e hidratación artificial al final de la vida

• Cristian Meza Valladares ^[1]
  1. [1] Clínica Las Condes

     Clínica Las Condes

     Santiago, Chile

     
• Localización: Ética de los cuidados: Humanización en salud, ISSN-e 1988-7973, Nº. 14, 2021
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Ethical and clinical considerations in artificial nutrition and artificial hydration at the end of life
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• Resumen
  • español

    Objetivo principal: describir los riesgos y beneficios clínicos y consideraciones éticas en la nutrición e hidratación artificial en etapa final de la vida. Metodología: se realizó una revisión de literatura entre los años 2014 – 2019. Se seleccionaron estudios con recomendaciones en la instauración, mantención o retiro de la nutrición o hidratación artificial al final de la vida. Se incluyeron 30 artículos, cuyos resultados fueron sometidos a un análisis de contenido temático. Resultados principales: Se encontraron 3 grandes categorías, consideraciones clínicas, consideraciones éticas y consideraciones culturales, las cuales deben ser consideradas para la toma de decisiones respecto a esta terapia. Conclusión principal: La nutrición e hidratación artificial no mejora los estados de desnutrición ni deshidratación al final de vida, no prolonga la vida, tiene varias complicaciones que deben ser evaluadas y se debe tener una perspectiva ética al momento de tomar decisiones

  • English

    Objective: describe the clinical risks, clinical benefits and ethical considerations in artificial nutrition and artificial hydration at the end of life. Methods: a literature review was carried out between the years 2014 - 2019. Studies with recommendations for the establishment, maintenance or withdrawal of artificial nutrition or artificial hydration at the end of life were selected. Thirty articles were included, the results of which were subjected to a thematic content análisis. Results: 3 major categories were found, clinical considerations, ethical considerations and cultural considerations, which must be evaluated together for decision making regarding this therapy. Conclusions: Artificial nutrition and artificial hydration do not improve states of malnutrition or dehydration at the end of life, it does not prolong life, it has several compli-cations that must be evaluated, and an ethical perspective must be taken when making decisions.

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