Alteraciones en la conducción simulada de vehículos, impulsividad y atención en la fase ascendente y descendente de la intoxicación por alcohol

• Pilatti, Angelina ^[1] ; Tuzinkievich, Francisco B. ^[1] ; Pautassi, Ricardo M. ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad Nacional de Córdoba

     Universidad Nacional de Córdoba

     Argentina

     
• Localización: Health and addictions: salud y drogas, ISSN-e 1578-5319, Vol. 21, Nº. 1, 2021, págs. 138-158
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.21134/haaj.v21i1.543
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Acute effects of alcohol on simulated driving, impulsivity and attention during the ascending and the descending limb
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Objetivos. Se analizó el desarrollo de tolerancia aguda a los efectos del alcohol (dosis = 0.08%) sobre la capacidad de conducción de automotor – medida con un simulador -- y los efectos de esta dosis de alcohol sobre inhibición de respuesta en curso y procesos atencionales. Metodología. Los participantes (n = 56, edad= 22± 2.92 años) fueron distribuidos en un diseño factorial 2 (sexo [varón o mujer]) x 2 (tratamiento [alcohol o placebo]), con una medición pre-test y dos post-test. Cada medición post-test estuvo caracterizada por niveles similares de alcohol en aliento, correspondientes a la curva ascendente y descendente de la concentración de alcohol. Resultados. Análisis de varianza de medidas repetidas mostraron que quienes recibieron alcohol, comparados con quienes recibieron placebo, tuvieron más desvíos, excesos de velocidad y colisiones contra estructuras en ambos posts-test.

    Quienes recibieron alcohol exhibieron, al comparar las mediciones del post-test 2 con las del post-test 1, una cantidad similar de desvíos y colisiones contra estructuras, pero un aumento de excesos de velocidad. El alcohol afectó el proceso de atención en el post-test 1, pero no en el post-test 2. Discusión.

    El alcohol indujo, en las fases ascendente y descendente, deterioro en la capacidad de conducción, así como en atención e impulsividad. Se observó desarrollo de tolerancia aguda en los procesos atencionales. Estos resultados suman evidencia sobre los efectos negativos del alcohol en la conducción de vehículos y en procesos asociados a la conducción.

  • English

    Aims. The study assessed the development of acute tolerance to the effects of alcohol (dose = 0.08%) on the ability to drive an automobile - measured with a driving simulator - and the effects of alcohol on inhibitory and attentional processes. Methodology. The participants (n = 56, age = 22 ± 2.92 years) were distributed in a 2 (sex [male or female]) x 2 (treatment [alcohol or placebo]) factorial design, with a pre-test and two post-test measurements. Each post-test was characterized by similar breath alcohol levels, corresponding to the ascending and descending limbs of the alcohol concentration curve.

    Results. Repeated measures Analysis of Variance showed that those who received alcohol, compared to those who received placebo, had more deviations, speeding and collisions with structures, in both post-tests. Those who received alcohol exhibited, when comparing post-test 2 vs. post-test 1, similar frequency of deviations and collisions, but a significant increase in speeding. Alcohol affected attentional performance in post-test 1, but not in post-test 2. Discussion. Alcohol induced, both in the ascending and descending limbs of the concentration curve, deficits in driving ability, as well as in attention and impulsivity processes. Acute tolerance was evident in regard to attentional processes.

    These results add evidence on the negative effects of alcohol on vehicle driving and on processes associated with driving.

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