Revisión de las principales herramientas diagnósticas de delirium manejadas por la enfermera

• Carmen Carrera Castro ^[1]
  1. [1] Enfermera del Servicio de Cirugía General y Medicina Interna, Hospital Ernest Lluch. Calatayud (Zaragoza), España
• Localización: Presencia: Salud mental, investigación y humanidades, ISSN-e 1885-0219, Vol. 9, Nº. 17-18, 2013
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Review of the main diagnostic tools of delirium managed by nursing
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• Resumen
  • español

    Objetivo: fue especificar las escalas diagnósticas, manejadas por las enfermeras, existentes en la práctica clínica, para el reconocimiento del delirium en pacientes ancianos médico-quirúrgicos y detallar los principios que la fundamentan.

    Metodología: La investigación bibliográfica se realizó en PsychoInfo, SciELO, Cochrane Plus, Bvsalud, PubMed, Medigraphic, MEDE, Google Académico y SCIRUS. Los descriptores utilizados fueron los del MeSH y términos libres.

    Resultados: se hallaron 6 herramientas diagnósticas de delirium para pacientes ancianos hospitalizados (CAM, DOS, NEECHAM, CTD, Nu-DESC y IC-DSC). Son de fácil y rápido manejo para la enfermera, eficaces, con diseños estructurales diferentes. El principal ámbito de aplicación de las herramientas ha sido el de investigación.

    Conclusiones: todas las escalas poseen buenas características psicométricas para el reconocimiento del delirium por la enfermera. La CAM ha sido la herramienta más investigada, traducida y validada. Las escalas DOS y la NEECHAM serían ideales para ser utilizadas por la enfermera porque poseen más sensibilidad a la detección que al diagnóstico de delirium. Se precisan de más investigaciones sobre la aplicación de estas herramientas en la práctica clínica diaria.

  • English

    Purpose: It was to describe the diagnostic scales, used by nursing, in the clinic practice for the delirium's acknowledgement in medical-surgical elderly patients and to explain in detail the essential principles.

    Methods: bibliographic research was carried out in PsychoInfo, SciELO, Cochrane Plus, bvsalud, PubMed, Medigraphic, MEDE, Google Académico and SCIRUS. The descriptors used were the MeSH and the free terms.

    Results: It were found six diagnostic tools of delirium in elderly patients hospitalized (CAM, DOS, NEECHAM, CTD, Nu-DESC and IC-DSC). Them are easy and fast to handle with for nursing, efficient, with different structural designs. The main scope of applicability of tools has been the investigation.

    Conclusions: all scales have good psychometric characteristics for the recognition for the delirium's by nursing. The CAM scale has been one of the more studied, translated and validated. The DOS and NEECHAM scales would be ideal to be used by Nursing, because they have more sensitivity to detection that diagnosis of delirium. More investigations about the application of these tools in daily clinical practice are needed.

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