Impacto del SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) en la salud mental de los profesionales sanitarios: Una revisión sistemática

• Juan Jesús García-Iglesias ; Juan Gómez Salgado ; Jorge Martín Pereira ; Javier Fagundo Rivera ^[1] ; Diego Ayuso Murillo ^[2] ; José Ramón Martínez Riera ; Carlos Ruiz Frutos
  1. [1] Servicio Andaluz de Salud. Sevilla. España.
  2. [2] Consejo General de Enfermería de España. Madrid. España.
• Localización: Revista española de salud pública, ISSN 1135-5727, ISSN-e 2173-9110, Nº. 94, 2020
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Impact of SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) on the mental health of healthcare professionals: a systematic review
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Dialnet Métricas: 28 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    Fundamentos: Ante una situación de pandemia mundial, la salud mental de la población se ve comprometida, especialmente en los colectivos que están en primera línea de defensa contra el virus como son los profesionales sanitarios.

    El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el impacto en la salud mental de los profesionales sanitarios que prestan atención a pacientes durante el brote de SARS-CoV-2.

    Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo el formato PRISMA en las bases de datos electrónicas Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO y ScienceDirect entre los meses de enero y mayo de 2020. Se evaluó la calidad metodológica a partir de las herramientas de evaluación crítica para estudios no randomizados del Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI).

    Resultados: Un total de 13 estudios fueron incluidos en esta revisión. La salud mental de los profesionales sanitarios se vio comprometida ante la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 en el ejercicio de sus funciones, siendo especialmente afectados los profesionales que se encontraban en la primera línea de batalla contra el virus, pero con valores por debajo de los de la población general.

    Aunque existió una amplia variabilidad de resultados, se observaron niveles medio-altos de ansiedad (26,5%- 44,6%), depresión (8,1%-25%), preocupación e insomnio (23,6%-38%), y, paradójicamente, niveles de estrés por debajo de lo esperado (3,8%-68,3%).

    Conclusiones: La salud mental de los profesionales sanitarios que trabajan en primera línea de batalla se ve comprometida en tiempos de pandemia presentando niveles medio-altos de ansiedad, depresión, preocupación e insomnio, y, en menor medida, estrés.

  • English

    Background: In times of this global pandemic situation, population’s mental health is compromised, especially in those groups that are at the forefront of defence against the virus such as healthcare professionals.

    The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak on healthcare professionals’ mental health.

    Methods: A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA format in Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO and ScienceDirect electronic databases between January and May 2020. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools for non-randomized studies.

    Results: A total of 13 studies were included in this review. Professionals’ mental health and mental functions were compromised, being especially affected those professionals on the front line of battle against the virus.

    However, these stats were below the general population data. Although there is wide variability of results, mediumhigh levels of anxiety (26,5%-44,6%), depression (8,1%- 25%), concern and insomnia are detected (23,6%-38%).

    Paradoxically, stress levels were below expectations (3,8%-68,3%).

    Conclusions: The mental well-being of health professionals working on the front line is compromised in times of pandemic by presenting medium-high levels of anxiety, depression, nervousness and insomnia, and, to a lesser extent, stress.

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