Acceso usuarios
María Isolina Santiago Pérez, Mónica Pérez Ríos, Alberto Malvar Pintos, Xurxo Hervada Vidal
Fundamentos: El consumo de tabaco durante el embarazo es perjudicial para las mujeres embarazadas y el feto. En Galicia la prevalencia del consumo durante el embarazo no está actualizada y se desconocen las características de las mujeres que continúan fumando durante el embarazo. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron estimar, antes y durante el embarazo, la prevalencia del uso del tabaco, caracterizar su consumo e identificar factores asociados al mantenimiento durante el embarazo.
Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en 2016 en mujeres que habían dado a luz en los 12 meses previos (n =6436) en Galicia. Se recogió información sobre la madre en diferentes momentos temporales. La prevalencia del consumo de tabaco se estimó a nivel global y en función de diferentes características. Se ajustaron modelos de regresión para identificar las variables asociadas al mantenimiento del consumo. Se presentan prevalencia y razones de odds acompañadas de intervalos de confianza al 95%.
Resultados: La prevalencia del consumo de tabaco durante el embarazo fue del 11,9% (11,1-12,8). Entre las mujeres que mantuvieron el consumo durante el embarazo, el porcentaje de fumadoras de cigarrillos disminuyó, el de tabaco de liar permaneció estable. Seguir fumando durante el embarazo estuvo relacionado con la nacionalidad, el nivel educativo, o con el consumo previo.
Conclusiones: A pesar de que más de la mitad de las mujeres dejan de fumar durante el embarazo, la prevalencia es del 12%. Los diferentes predictores de mantenimiento deben tenerse en cuenta cuando se diseñan programas de intervención orientados a mujeres embarazadas.
Background: Tobacco use during pregnancy is detrimental to pregnant women and to the fetus. In Galicia, the data regarding prevalence of tobacco use during pregnancy is outdated and the characteristics of women who continue to smoke during pregnancy are not known. The objectives of this work were to estimate, before and during pregnancy, the prevalence of tobacco use and characterize its consumption, and to identify factors associated with the maintenance of tobacco use during pregnancy.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 targeting women who had given birth within the previous 12 months (n=6.436) in Galicia. Information was collected regarding the mother’s status before and during pregnancy, at the time of delivery and survey. Smoking prevalence was estimated both globally and by women related characteristics. Regression models were performed to identify variables associated with smoking maintenance. Prevalence and odds ratio are presented accompanied with 95% confidence interval.
Results: Smoking prevalence during pregnancy was 11.9% (11.1–12.8). Among women who maintain tobacco consumption during pregnancy, the percentage of cigarette smokers decreased, but prevalence of rolled tobacco remain stable. The maintenance of smoking during pregnancy was related to being Spanish, education or having been a daily smoker before pregnancy.
Conclusions: Despite the fact that more than half of Galician women stop smoking during pregnancy, smoking prevalence remains at 12%. The different demographic factors identified in this study as predictors of smoking maintenance, should be kept in mind when intervention programs focused on pregnant women will be design.
