Sleep-Wake Cycle of Elite Athletes Prior to the Rio 2016 Olympic Games

• Narciso, F V ^[1] ; Silva, A ^[1] ; Rodrigues, DF ^[1] ; Rosa, JPP ^[1] ; Viegas, F ^[1] ; Silva, SC ^[3] ; Bichara, JJ ^[3] ; Pereira, SRD ^[3] ; Tufik, S ^[2] ; Mello, M T ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

     Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

     Brasil

     
  2. [2] Universidade Federal de São Paulo

     Universidade Federal de São Paulo

     Brasil

     
  3. [3] Brazilian Olympic Committee. Rio de Janeiro. Brazil.

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• Localización: Revista andaluza de medicina del deporte, ISSN 1888-7546, Vol. 13, Nº. 2, 2020 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Junio 2020), págs. 76-80
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.33155/j.ramd.2020.04.004
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Ciclo de Vigília-Sono de Atletas de Elite antes dos Jogos Olímpicos Rio 2016
  • Ciclo de Vigilia-Sueño de Atletas de Élite Antes de los Juegos Olímpicos de Río 2016
• Enlaces
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• Resumen
  • español

    Objetivo: Analizar el cronotipo, la duración y la calidad del sueño entre los atletas de élite, comparar las diferencias en las variables de sueño entre los sexos y comparar las diferencias entre los atletas de los deportes individuales y de equipo.

    Método: La muestra incluyó a 70 atletas de élite brasileños de ambos sexos (hombre = 37; mujer = 33) con una edad media de 23.0 ± 4.0 años. Para medir lo ciclo de vigilia-sueño, los atletas usaron un actígrafo en la muñeca durante 10 días. Además, los atletas respondieron el cuestionario cronotipo de Horne y Östberg.

    Resultados: La mayoría de los atletas son de tipo intermedio (n = 55, 78.6%), con una media de 07h: 18min de sueño por noche. Los atletas demostraron una mayor fragmentación del sueño (39.26 ± 23.66 minutos) y una mayor latencia del sueño (30.88 ± 16.19 minutos) durante los días de entrenamiento previo a la competencia. Además, los atletas de deportes individuales demostraron más fragmentación (p <0.001) y menos eficiencia del sueño (p <0.001) en comparación con los atletas de deportes de equipo. Sin embargo, no hubo diferencias significativas en todas las variables de sueño entre el sexo masculino y el femenino.

    Conclusión: Los atletas de élite en general presentaron mala calidad del sueño durante los períodos de entrenamiento previos a los Juegos Olímpicos de Río 2016, y los atletas individuales mostraron una mayor fragmentación y una menor eficiencia del sueño en comparación con los atletas del equipo.

  • English

    Objective: To analyze chronotype, duration and quality of sleep among elite athletes, to compare differences in sleep variables between sex, and to compare differences between athletes of individual and team sports.

    Method: The sample included 70 Brazilian elite athletes of both sex (male=37; female=33) with a mean age 23.0 ± 4.0 years old. To measure sleep-wake cycle, athletes wore an actigraph on the wrist for 10 days. Moreover, athletes answered the chronotype questionnaire of Horne and Östberg.

    Results: The most athletes are intermediate-type (n=55, 78.6%), with a mean of 07h:18min of sleep per night. The athletes demonstrated higher sleep fragmentation (39.26 ± 23.66 minutes) and higher sleep latency (30.88 ± 16.19 minutes) during pre-competition training days. Additionally, the athletes of individual sports demonstrated more fragmentation (p<0.001) and less sleep efficiency (p<0.001) compared athletes of team sports. However, there was no significant difference in all sleep variables between the male and female sex.

    Conclusion: The overall elite athletes presented poor sleep quality during the training periods prior to the Rio 2016 Olympic Games, and individual athletes showed higher fragmentation and poorer sleep efficiency compared to team athletes.

  • português

    Objetivo: Analisar o cronotipo, a duração e a qualidade do sono de atletas de elite, comparar as diferenças nas variáveis do sono entre os sexos e as diferenças entre atletas de esportes individuais e coletivos.

    Método: A amostra incluiu 70 atletas de elite brasileiros de ambos os sexos (masculino = 37; feminino = 33) com idade média de 23.0 ± 4.0 anos. Para mensurar o ciclo vigília-sono, os atletas usaram um actígrafo no punho por 10 dias. Além disso, os atletas responderam ao questionário de cronotipo de Horne e Östberg.

    Resultados: A maioria dos atletas é do tipo intermediário (n = 55, 78.6%), com média de 07h:18min de sono por noite. Os atletas demonstraram maior fragmentação do sono (39.26 ± 23.66 minutos) e maior latência do sono (30.88 ± 16.19 minutos) durante os dias de treinamento pré-competição. Além disso, os atletas de esportes individuais demonstraram maior fragmentação (p <0.001) e menor eficiência do sono (p <0.001) em comparação aos atletas de esportes coletivos. No entanto, não houve diferença significativa em todas as variáveis de sono entre os sexos masculino e feminino.

    Conclusão: Os atletas de elite em geral apresentaram baixa qualidade do sono durante os períodos de treinamento antes dos Jogos Olímpicos Rio 2016, e os atletas de esportes individuais apresentaram maior fragmentação e menor eficiência do sono em comparação aos atletas de esportivos coletivos.

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