Resumen de ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and non-HDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio are associated to metabolic syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects and to ischemic cardiomyopathy in diabetic women

Gabriela Lizet Reynoso Villalpando, Cristina Sevillano Collantes, Yeminia Valle, Inmaculada Moreno Ruiz, Jorge Ramón Padilla Gutiérrez, Francisco Javier del Cañizo Gómez

• español

  Antecedentes La presencia del síndrome metabólico (MetS) en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (T2DM) conlleva mayor riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular y muerte. Se han utilizado marcadores para predecir este riesgo, como los índices ApoB/ApoA1 y no-HDL-C/HDL-C, pero con resultados controvertidos. El objetivo ha sido determinar las relaciones entre los índices ApoB/ApoA1 y no-HDL-C/HDL-C y el MetS en pacientes con T2DM de un distrito de Madrid, España.

  Pacientes y métodos Se reclutaron 100 pacientes con T2DM del Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor (distrito de Vallecas, Madrid). A todos, entre enero de 2014 y junio de 2017, se les determinaron cada 6 meses los diferentes parámetros lipídicos, calculándose los índices ApoB/ApoA1 y no-HDL-C/HDL-C. De cada parámetro se realizó una media de 4-5 determinaciones. Se utilizó la U de Mann-Whitney para las comparaciones entre medias, la correlación de Spearman para las relaciones entre variables y un análisis de regresión multivariable para determinar la asociación entre el MetS y los índices ApoB/ApoA1 y no-HDL-C/HDL-C. Una p<0,05 fue significativa.

  Resultados Se han observado asociaciones entre MetS y ApoA1 (R2=0,164; p=0,028), ApoB/ApoA1 (R2=0,187; p=0,001) y no-HDL-C/HDL-C (R2=0,269; p=0,0001); y en mujeres con MetS, entre ApoB/ApoA1 y cardiomiopatía isquémica (IC) (R2=0,160; p=0,032), que permanecen después de ajustar las comorbilidades y los factores de riesgo.

  Conclusiones En los pacientes con T2DM estudiados, el MetS se asocia de forma independiente con ApoA1, ApoB/ApoA1 y con no-HDL-C/HDL-C. Ambos índices son mejores predictores de MetS que sus componentes por separado. El índice ApoB/ApoA1 podría usarse como marcador de riesgo cardiovascular en mujeres con MetS.

• English

  Background and aim Presence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) involves an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and death. Markers such as ApoB/ApoA1 and non-HDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratios have been used to predict this risk with conflicting results. The study objective was to establish the relationship between the apoB/apoA1 and non-HDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratios and MS in T2DM patients from a Madrid (Spain) district.

  Patients and methods One hundred patients with T2DM who attended University Hospital Infanta Leonor (Vallecas, Madrid, Spain) between January 2014 and June 2017 were enrolled. A blood sample was taken every 6 months from all patients to measure the different lipid parameters and to calculate ApoB/ApoA1 and non-HDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratios. A Mann–Whitney's U test to compare means and a Spearman's correlation test for correlations between variables were used, and a multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine the association between MS and the ApoB/ApoA1 and non-HDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratios. Values of p<0.05 were considered significant.

  Results Associations were found between MS and ApoA1 (R2=0.164, p=0.028), ApoB/ApoA1 (R2=0.187, p=0.001), and non-HDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol (R2= 0.269, p=0.0001) ratios and, in women with MS, between ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and ischemic cardiomyopathy (IC) (R2=0.160, p=0.032). Associations remained after adjusting for comorbidities and risk factors.

  Conclusions In the T2DM patients studied, MS was independently associated to ApoA1 and the ApoB/ApoA1 and non-HDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratios. Both ratios were better predictors of MS in T2DM subjects that its components alone. The ApoB/ApoA1 ratio could be used as a cardiovascular risk marker in women with MS.