Dignidad en pacientes al final de la vida en urgencias: perspectiva de la familia

• Autores: Álvaro Gutiérrez Ibáñez
• Localización: Metas de enfermería, ISSN 1138-7262, Vol. 22, Nº. 3, 2019, págs. 58-65
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.35667/metasenf.2019.22.1003081394
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Dignity in patients at the end of their life in Emergencies: the family perspective
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• Resumen
  • español

    Objetivo: explorar y describir las experiencias de los familiares de pacientes de cuidados paliativos con respecto a la conservación y pérdida de la dignidad en la atención y cuidados al final de la vida en el Servicio de Urgencias Hospitalarias.

    Método: estudio cualitativo de tipo fenomenológico hermenéutico, llevado a cabo entre febrero y mayo de 2018.

    La población de estudio estuvo constituida por familiares de primer grado de pacientes con enfermedad terminal que habían acudido en los últimos seis meses a algún Servicio de Urgencias Hospitalarias, y que estaban siendo atendidos en el momento de realizar el estudio. Se llevaron a cabo entrevistas semiestructuradas. Muestreo intencional hasta saturación del discurso. Se realizó un análisis de contenido mediante el uso del software Atlas.ti para identificar temas emergentes.

    Resultados: se realizaron 12 entrevistas con familiares. El discurso giró en torno a la pérdida de dignidad. Se identificaron dos temas principales sobre la pérdida de la dignidad en la atención al final de la vida en el servicio de urgencias: problemas relacionados con el propio servicio y problemas relacionados con los profesionales del servicio.

    Conclusión: la dignidad de las personas en programas de cuidados paliativos que se encuentran en el servicio de urgencias se ve socavada por las propias características del servicio y por las actitudes de los profesionales en relación al trato que prestan a los pacientes. Los familiares no suelen exigir un trato diferenciado para sus seres queridos por el hecho de ser enfermos terminales, pero se quejan por la pérdida de la dignidad.

  • English

    Objective: to explore and describe the experiences of relatives of palliative care patients regarding the maintenance and loss of dignity in end-of-life care at the Hospital Emergency Unit.

    Method: a qualitative phenomenologic-hermeneutic study, conducted between February and May, 2018. The study population consisted in first-degree relatives of patients with terminal conditions who had attended some Hospital Emergency Unit during the last six months, and who were receiving care at the time of conducting the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, with intentional sampling until saturation of discourse. Content analysis was conducted using the Atlas.ti software in order to identify any emerging issues.

    Results: twelve (12) interviews were conducted with relatives; the discourse revolved around loss of dignity. Two main issues were identified regarding loss of dignity at end-of-life care in the Emergency Unit: problems associated with the Hospital Unit, and problems associated with the Hospital Unit professionals.

    Conclusion: the dignity of persons in palliative care programs using the Emergency Unit was undermined by the specific characteristics of said unit, and by the attitudes of professionals regarding care provided to patients. Relatives won’t usually demand any differentiated care for their loved ones due to the fact of being terminal patients, but complain about loss of dignity.

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