Identidad atlética y características del atleta como predictor de la dependencia al ejercicio

• Túlia Cabrita ^[3] ; António Rosado ^[1] ; Ricardo De La Vega ^[2] ; Sidónio Serpa ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidade de Lisboa

     Universidade de Lisboa

     Socorro, Portugal

     
  2. [2] Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

     Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

     Madrid, España

     
  3. [3] Universidade Lusíada de Lisboa, Portugal

  Mostrar afiliaciones +
• Localización: Revista de psicología del deporte, ISSN-e 1988-5636, ISSN 1132-239X, Vol. 27, Nº 2, 2018, págs. 99-106
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Athletic identity and athlete characteristics as predictor of exercise dependence
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo  1 (html)   2  
• Dialnet Métricas: 3 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    La identidad atlética, es una dimensión psicológica central para los deportistas, sin embargo, pese a que la literatura científica señala que elevados niveles de identidad atlética, pueden estar conectados con la dependencia al ejercicio en los participantes, pocos estudios se han realizado. De esta manera, el objetivo se centra en comprender las relaciones entre la identidad atlética y la dependencia al ejercicio, teniendo en cuenta el nivel de práctica, el tipo de deporte, la edad, la categoría deportiva y el sexo de los deportistas. Para lograrlo, se han estudiado a un total de 442 deportistas (307 hombres y 135 mujeres), y se utilizaron la escala de identidad atlética (AIMS-plus) y la escala de dependencia al ejercicio (EDS-R). Los resultados encontrados indican que, de todos los factores estudiados, sólo la identidad atlética actúa como variable predictora de la dependencia al ejercicio. Se concluye que los deportistas con elevados niveles de identidad atlética, tienen un mayor riesgo de realizar conductas de dependencia al ejercicio, que aquellos que tienen menores niveles de vinculación con su rol deportivo.

  • English

    The athletic identity is a psychological dimension central in athletes, however, although suggested by the literature that high levels athletic identity may cause dependence on the subject, few studies have done. us, the goal was to understand the relationship between athletic identity and dependence of the exercise, considering the level of practice, competition level, the type of sport, age and gender of the athletes. For this purpose, we studied 442 athletes (307 females, 135 males) and used as instruments a scale of athletic identity (AIMS-Plus) and a scale of exercise dependence (EDS-R). e results indicate that from all the factors studied; only the athletic identity appears as a predictor of exercise dependence. We conclude that athletes with high levels of athletic identity can promote the addictive behaviors of exercise, than those with lower levels of linking to the role of athlete.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Allegre, B., erme, P. y Gri+ths, M. (2007). Individual factors and the context of physical activity in exercise dependence: A prospective...
  • American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric...
  • Antunes, H., Leite, G., Lee, K., Barreto, A., Santos, R., Souza, H., Tu$k, S. & Mello, M. (2016). Exercise deprivation increases negative...
  • Bamber, D., Cockerill, I., Rodgers, S. y Carroll, D. (2000). It’s exercise or nothing: a qualitative analysis of exercise dependence. British...
  • Bamber, D. J., Cockerill, I. M., Rodgers, S. y Carroll, D. (2003). Diagnostic criteria for exercise dependence in women. British Journal of...
  • Berczik, K., Szabo, A., Gri+ths, M., Kurimay, T., Kun, B., Urbán, R. & Demotrovas, Z. (2012). Exercise addiction: Symptoms, diagnosis,...
  • Biddle, S. J. (1995). Exercise and psychosocial health. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 66, 292–297. doi: 10.1080/02701367.1995.10607914
  • Brewer, B.W., Van Raalte, J.L. y Linder, D.E. (1993). Athletic identity: Hercules’ muscles or Achilles heel? International Journal of Sport...
  • Brewer, B.W, Boin, P.D. y Petitpas, A.J. (1993). Dimensions of athletic identity. Annual meeting of the American Psychological Association,...
  • Burke, P. y Stets, J. (2009). Identity theory. New York: Oxford Press.
  • Cabrita, T., Rosado, A., Leite, T. y Sousa, P. (2014). Psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the athletic identity measurement...
  • Chen, W. (2016). Frequent exercise: A healthy habit or a behavioral addiction. Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine, 2, 235-240. doi:10.1016/j.cdtm.2016.11.014
  • Cieslak, T. (2004). Describing and measuring the athletic identity construct scale development and validation. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation,...
  • Cieslak, T., Fink, J. y Pastore, D. (2005). Measuring the athletic identity construct: Scale development and validation [Abstract]. Journal...
  • Dubbert, P. (2002). Physical activity and exercise: Recent advances and current challenges. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,...
  • Downs, D. S., Hausenblas, H. A. y Nigg, C. R. (2004). Factorial validity and psychometric examination of the exercise dependence scale-revised....
  • Gri+ths, M. D. (1997). Exercise addiction: A case study. Addiction Research, 5, 161–168. doi:10.3109/16066359709005257
  • Grove, J. R., Lavallee, D. y Gordon, S. (1997). Coping with retirement from sport: the influence of athletic identity. Journal of Applied...
  • Groves, M., Biscomb, K., Nevill, A. y Matheson, H. (2008). Exercise dependence, self-esteem and identity reinforcement: A comparison of three...
  • Gustafsson, H., Kentta, G., Hassmen, P., Lundqvist, C. y Durand-Bush, N. (2008). e process of burnout: A multiple case study of three elite...
  • Gustafsson, H., Kentta, G., Hassmen, P. y Johansson, M. (2008). A qualitative analysis of burnout in elite Swedish athletes. Psychology of...
  • Hale, B. D., James, B. y Stambulova, N. (1999). Determining the dimensionality of athletic identity: A Herculean cross-cultural undertaking....
  • Hausenblas, H. A. y Downs, D. S. (2002a). Exercise dependence: A systematic review. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 3, 89–123. doi:10.1016/s1469-0292(00)00015-7
  • Hausenblas, H. A. y Downs, D. S. (2002b). How much is too much? e development and validation of the exercise dependence scale. Psychology...
  • Hipp, A., Robson, S. & Stamp, G (2015). e predictive ability of perfectionistic traits and self-presentations styles in relation to exercise...
  • Horton, R. y Mack, D. (2000). Athletic identity in marathon runners: functional focus or dysfunctional commitment? Journal of Sport Behavior,...
  • Hurst, R., Hale, B., Smith, D. y Collins, D. (2000). Exercise dependence, social physique anxiety, and social support in experienced and inexperienced...
  • Kendziersky, D., Furr, R. y Schiavoni, J. (1998). Physical activity self-de$nitions: Correlates and perceived criteria. Journal of Sport y...
  • Kerr, G. y Dacyshyn, A. (2000). e retirement experiences of elite, female gymnasts. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 12(2), 115-133....
  • Kerr, J., Linder, J. y Blaydon, M. (2007). Exercise dependence. London: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203946794
  • Landolf, E. (2013). Exercise addiction. Sports Medicin, 14, 111-119.
  • Latorre Román, P. Á., Jiménez Obra, A., Párraga Montilla, J., & García Pinillos, F. (2016). Dependencia al ejercicio físico e insatisfacción...
  • Lichtenstein, M. & Jensen, T. (2016). Exercise addiction in cross$t. Prevalence and psychometric proprieties of the exercise addiction...
  • Lichtenstein, M., Larsen, K., Christiansen, E., Stoving, R. & Bredehl, T. (2014). Exercise addiction in team sport and individual sport....
  • Lindwall, M. y Palmeira, A. (2009). Factorial validity and invariance testing to the exercise scale-revised in Swedish and Portuguese exercisers....
  • Magee, C., Buchanan, I. & Barrie, L. (2016). Pro$les of exercise dependence symptoms in ironman participants. Psychology of Sport and...
  • Masters, K. S. y Lambert, M. J. (1989). On gender comparison and construct validity: An examination of the commitment to running scale in...
  • Murphy, G., Petitpas, A. y Brewer, B. (1996). Identity foreclosure, athletic identity, and career maturity in intercollegiate athletes. Sport...
  • Murray, A., Mckenzie, K., Newman, E. & Brown, W. (2013). Exercise identity as a risk factor for exercise dependence. British Journal of...
  • Oyserman, D. (2009). Identity-based motivation: implications for action-readiness, procedural-readiness, and consumer behavior. Journal of...
  • Pierce, E., N., Eastman, H., Tripathi, K., Olsen, K. y Dewey, W. (1993). Beta-endorphin response to endurance exercise: relationship to exercise...
  • Pierce, E. F., Rohaly, K. A. y Fritchley, B. (1997). Sex di=erences on exercise dependence for men and women in a marathon road race....
  • Pummell, B., Harwood, C. y Lavallee, D. (2008). Jumping to the next level: A qualitative examination of within-career transition in adolescent...
  • Settles, I., Sellers, R. y Damas, A. (2002). One role or two? e function of psychological separation in role con
  • Smith, D.K. y Hale, B.D. (2004). Validity and factor structure of the bodybuilding dependence scale. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 38,...
  • Smith, D.K., Hale, B.D. y Collins, D. (1998). Measurement of exercise dependence in bodybuilders. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical...
  • Smith, D., Wright, C. y Winrow, D. (2010). Exercise dependence and social physique anxiety in competitive and non-competitive runners. International...
  • Sparkes, A. (1998). Athletic identity: An Achilles’ heel to the survival of self. Qualitative Health Research, 8(5), 644-664. doi: 10.1177/104973239800800506
  • Su=olk, M., Dovey, T., Goodwin, H. & Meywe, C. (2015). Psychobehavioral characteristics of competitive bodybuilders: A longitudinal...
  • Summers, J. J., Machin, V. J. y Sargent, G. I. (1983). Psycho-social factors related to marathon running. Journal of Sport Psychology, 5,...
  • Szabo, A. (1995). e impact of exercise deprivation on well-being of habitual exercisers.
  • Terry, A., Szabo, A. y Gri+ths, M. (2004). e exercise addiction inventory: A new brief screening tool. Addiction Research and
  • Valenzuela, P. & Arriba-Palomero, F. (2017). Riesgo de adicción al ejercicio en triatletas hombres amateur y su relación con variable...
  • Veale, D. M. (1995). Does primary exercise dependence really exist? In J. Annet, B. Cripps, y H. Steinberg (Eds.), Exercise addiction: Motivation...
  • Youngman, J. & Simpson, D. (2014). Risk for exercise addiction: A comparison of triathletes training for sprint-Olympic, half-ironman...