Ejercicios de resistencia en el tratamiento y prevención de la sarcopenia en ancianos. Revisión sistemática

• José Andrés Rubio del Pera ^[1] ; M.ª Sonia Gracia Josa ^[1]
  1. [1] Servicio Aragonés de Salud. Teruel
• Localización: Gerokomos: Revista de la Sociedad Española de Enfermería Geriátrica y Gerontológica, ISSN 1134-928X, Vol. 29, Nº. 3, 2018, págs. 133-137
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Resistance exercises for the treatment and prevention of sarcopenia in the elderly. A systematic review
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    Objetivos: Conocer los resultados de las últimas investigaciones sobre sarcopenia en el anciano y la prescripción de ejercicios de resistencia como pauta principal en el tratamiento y prevención de dicho síndrome.

    Metodología: Revisión sistemática sobre el uso de ejercicios de resistencia en el tratamiento y prevención de la sarcopenia. La búsqueda se realizó en MEDLINE, Science Direct, SciELO, Trip Database y Dialnet. Se acotó al periodo 2011-2016. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, y para valorar la calidad metodológica de estos se usó la escala PEDro, incluyendo aquellos que presentaban una puntuación igual o superior a 6. Resultados: En los 22 trabajos revisados, los ejercicios de resistencia se realizan mediante sesiones de 20 a 60 minutos, 2 a 5 veces por semana, 2-4 series de 8-15 repeticiones y de un modo progresivo. Estos ejercicios de resistencia, solos o en combinación con otros tipos de ejercicios y en algunos casos con diferentes pautas nutricionales, produjeron un aumento de la masa y la fuerza muscular, así como incremento en la síntesis de proteínas musculoesqueléticas y tamaño de la fibra muscular. Conclusiones: La realización de ejercicios de resistencia progresiva parece ser la pauta más adecuada para prevenir y tratar la sarcopenia, solos o combinados con otros ejercicios, logrando beneficios sobre la masa, fuerza muscular y funcionalidad en el anciano.

    La incorporación de proteínas de alto valor biológico a la dieta tiene un efecto sinérgico sobre el tejido muscular.

  • English

    Objective: To understand the results of the latest research in sarcopenia in the elderly and the prescription of strengthening exercises as the principal guideline in the treatment and prevention of this syndrome. Methodology: A systematic review of the use of resistance exercises in the treatment and prevention of sarcopenia. The sources MEDLINE, Science Direct, SciELO, Trip Database and Dialnet were searched and narrowed for data to between 2011 and 2016. Various clinical studies were included and their methodology was tested by using the PEDro scale, including those that had an overall score of 6 or more.

    Results: In all 22 revised projects the strengthening exercises were conducted progressively in 20-60 minutes sessions, 2-5 times a week, in 2-4 series of 8-15 repetitions. These resistance exercises, alone or in combination with other types of exercises or nutritional guidelines, resulted in an increase of muscle mass and strength. Conclusions: The implementation of these progressive resistance training seems to be the most apt guideline for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia, alone or in combination with other exercises, resulting in improvements in muscle mass, muscle strength and mobility in the elderly. The incorporation high biological value proteins in the diet appears to have a synergic effect on muscle tissue

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