Efectos y alteraciones cardiovasculares provocados por la práctica de deportes de resistencia.: Una revisión sistemática

• Autores: Álvaro Huerta Ojeda, Rodrigo Navarrete Peña, Nicolás Silva Valenzuela, Sergio Ignacio Galdames Poblete
• Localización: Apunts: Medicina de l'esport, ISSN 0213-3717, ISSN-e 1886-6581, Vol. 52, Nº 195, 2017, págs. 113-122
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.1016/j.apunts.2016.12.001
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Cardiovascular effects and alterations from endurance sports.: A systematic review
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• Resumen

  • La práctica de actividad física, especialmente el deporte de resistencia, produce adaptaciones cardiovasculares beneficiosas para la salud. Sin embargo, en varias investigaciones se ha reportado la presencia de algún tipo de arritmias cardíacas ventriculares o supraventriculares, lo que ha desencadenado una alerta en los profesionales que recomiendan este tipo de estímulos. Consecuencia de lo anterior, fue imprescindible revisar y analizar la evidencia científica existente dentro de los últimos 10 años sobre las posibles arritmias y alteraciones cardiovasculares que generan los deportes de resistencia. En la siguiente revisión sistemática se evaluaron publicaciones entre los años 2006 y 2016 que relacionaron los deportes de resistencia con arritmias cardiacas. Se identificaron 12 artículos, que fueron agrupados según el efecto generado en el corazón (arritmias, fibrilación auricular, fibrosis cardíaca y cambios anatómicos). Debido a la alta exigencia cardíaca a que se exponen los deportistas de resistencia, existe una tendencia a la aparición de distintos tipos de arritmias.

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