Elaboración y validación de una escala de autoeficacia en reanimación cardiopulmonar para estudiantes en Ciencias de la Salud

• Autores: Susana Navalpotro Pascual, Juan Carlos Torre Puente
• Localización: Metas de enfermería, ISSN 1138-7262, Vol. 20, Nº. 6, 2017
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.35667/metasenf.2019.20.1003081097
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Preparation and validation of a self-efficacy scale in cardiopulmonary resuscitation for Health Sciences students
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• Dialnet Métricas: 4 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    Objetivo: elaborar un instrumento fiable capaz de medir la autoeficacia del alumno en reanimación cardiopulmonar (RCP) tras un aprendizaje previo.

    Método: estudio de elaboración y validación de un instrumento: desarrollo del instrumento, validez de aspecto y contenido, validez de constructo. La primera fuente de extracción de los ítems que compondrían la escala de autoeficacia consistió en un cuestionario que contenía 14 preguntas semiestructuradas y cinco casos clínicos sobre la RCP y la parada cardiaca, que tuvieron que cumplimentar profesionales formados en RCP. Los ítems estaban integrados en tres escalas y fueron validados en aspecto y contenido por parte de expertos. Para la validez de constructo se contó con dos muestras de sujetos distintas (85 alumnos en la primera fase y 101 en la segunda). Se llevaron a cabo análisis descriptivos, análisis de fiabilidad mediante coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, y se realizó análisis factorial exploratorio. Se usó el programa estadístico SPSS versión 19.0.

    Resultados: en la primera fase, la escala A de autoeficacia obtuvo un coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de 0,91. En la segunda fase se obtuvo un alfa de Cronbach para la escala A de 0,93. El valor obtenido con la población total (n= 186), valor muy similar al encontrado con la muestra total (n= 186), fue de 0,92. La escala de autoeficacia en RCP básica tuvo una estructura unidimensional y contenía 20 ítems. Se encontraron relaciones estadísticamente significativas de los constructos cognitivo-emocionales y el valor de autoeficacia.

    Conclusión: se obtuvo una escala unidimensional de autoeficacia en RCP básica. Existen variables emocionales y cognitivas que intervienen como mediadoras en la conducta de reanimación.

  • English

    Objective: to prepare a reliable tool in order to measure the self-efficacy of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) students after previous training.

    Method: a study for preparation and validation of a tool: development, aspect and contents validity, construct validity. The first source for collecting the items which would form the self-efficacy scale consisted in a questionnaire including 14 semi-structured questions and five clinical cases on CPR and cardiac arrest, which had to be completed by professionals with CPR training. These items were classified into three scales, and were validated by experts in terms of aspect and contents. Two different samples were used for construct validity (85 students in the first stage and 101 in the second stage). Descriptive analysis was conducted, as well as reliability analysis through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient; an exploratory factor analysis was also conducted. The SPSS statistical program, version 19.0, was used for analysis.

    Results: in the first stage, the Self-efficacy Scale A obtained a 0.91 Cronbach’s alpha coefficient; in the second stage, Scale A achieved a 0.93 Cronbach’s alpha. The value obtained with the total population (n= 186) was 0.92, very similar to the one obtained with the total sample. The Self-efficacy Scale for basic CPR had one-dimensional structure and included 20 items. Statistically significant associations were found between cognitive-emotional constructs and the self-efficacy value.

    Conclusion: a one-dimensional scale was obtained for self-efficacy in basic CPR. There are emotional and cognitive variables involved as mediators in the resuscitation behaviour.

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