Tratamiento de las fracturas mediodiafisarias y del tercio distal del fémur con clavo endomedular retrógrado

• Autores: Jorge L. Plos
• Localización: Revista de la Asociación Argentina de Ortopedia y Traumatología, ISSN 1852-7434, Vol. 80, Nº. 1, 2015, págs. 35-42
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.15417/347
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Retrograde intramedullary nailing for the treatment of shaft and distal third femoral fractures
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    In­tro­duc­ción: Este trabajo analiza los resultados del enclavado endomedular retrógrado para tratar las fracturas mediodiafisarias y del tercio distal del fémur, en pacientes politraumatizados, obesos y de edad avanzada. Materiales­ y­ Métodos: De 2002 a 2009, se trataron 21 fracturas, con un seguimiento promedio de 27 meses, 2 pacientes no completaron el seguimiento mínimo. La edad promedio fue de 58.9 años, 10 pacientes eran politraumatizados y 5, obesos. Doce de los 19 tenían >65 años. La cirugía se practicó en mesa radiolúcida estándar, sin accesorios de tracción. El abordaje fue intraarticular intercondíleo. Resultados: Se logró la consolidación de las fracturas en 18 pacientes (98,74%) entre los 4 y 6 meses del posoperatorio. Un paciente presentó retraso de consolidación y fue tratado con nueva cirugía para recambio del clavo. No hubo infección en el sitio quirúrgico; 16 pacientes (84,21%) recuperaron la actividad funcional previa al accidente.Conclusiones:­ El enclavado endomedular retrógrado es una terapéutica válida en enfermos politraumatizados, pacientes obesos y adultos mayores, pues aplica la eficacia de los clavos endomedulares, con menor complejidad en el desarrollo de la técnica quirúrgica. Aún queda por estudiar la evolución a largo plazo del abordaje intraarticular intercondíleo. 

  • English

    Background:­ The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of retrograde interlocking intramedullary nailing in patients with multiple injuries, obese, and >65 years old, who had suffered fractures of the shaft and distal third of the femur.Methods: Twenty-one fractures were treated from 2002 to 2009, with an average follow-up of 27 months. Two patients were excluded because they were lost in the follow-up. There were 10 patients with multiple injuries and 5 obese patients. Twelve of the 19 patients were >65 years old. Surgery was performed in the fluoroscopy standard table using the intercondylar notch approach.Results: Eighteen patients achieved bone healing within 4 to 6 months. A patient had a delayed consolidation, and a new surgery to exchange the nail was required for healing the fracture. There were no infections. Sixteen patients (84.21%) recovered their normal activities.Conclusions: The retrograde interlocking intramedullary nailing is a good treatment option for patients with multiple injuries, obese and >65 years, who had suffered fractures of the shaft and distal third of the femur. Longer follow-up is required to determine the adverse effect of this technique on the function of the patellofemoral joint. 

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