Lesión medular y uso de sustancias: una revisión sistemática

• P. Lusilla-Palacios ^[1] ; Carmina Castellano-Tejedor ^[2]
  1. [1] Hospital Vall d'Hebron

     Hospital Vall d'Hebron

     Barcelona, España

     
  2. [2] Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca
• Localización: Adicciones: Revista de socidrogalcohol, ISSN 0214-4840, Vol. 27, Nº. 4, 2015, págs. 294-311
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.20882/adicciones.754
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Spinal cord injury and substance use: a systematic review
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    El objetivo de este estudio fue el de revisar los hallazgos recientes sobre la prevalencia de uso de sustancias (US) y trastornos por uso de sustancias (TUS) y discutir su impacto en la salud en población con lesiones medulares (LM). Para este propósito, se realizaron búsquedas asistidas por ordenador en MEDLINE (PubMed) y en la Biblioteca Cochrane. A partir de un conjunto inicial de 59 artículos, 52 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. La mayoría de trabajos se centraban en el consumo de alcohol y tabaco, y sólo unos pocos informaron acerca del uso de otras sustancias. El tipo de diseño de investigación fue mayoritariamente transversal y descriptivo, siendo escasos los estudios de intervención y longitudinales. A pesar de la alta prevalencia de US documentada en pacientes con LM, apenas existen trabajos sobre el consumo previo a la LM y de diseño longitudinal. Además, cuando se ha evaluado el TUS, éste no se ha estudiado de forma sistemática siguiendo criterios diagnósticos CIE o DSM. El alcohol ha resultado ser la sustancia más consumida entre esta población. Además, los pacientes con US han mostrado peores puntuaciones en distintos indicadores de salud. Por ello, se necesita más investigación para seguir avanzando en este ámbito de estudio, así como para poder diseñar intervenciones preventivas más efectivas adaptadas a las necesidades específicas de esta población, y para sugerir prioridades de investigación.

  • English

    The objective of this study was to review recent findings about the prevalence of substance use (SU) and substance use disorders (SUD), and to discuss the related impact on health in spinal cord injury (SCI) population. For this purpose, computer-aided searches of MEDLINE (PubMed) and the Cochrane Library were conducted. From an initial pool of 59 articles, 52 met the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies referred to alcohol and tobacco and only a few studies reported on other substances. Study designs were mainly cross-sectional and descriptive, with scarce intervention and longitudinal studies.

    Although a high prevalence of post-injury SU has been documented among SCI patients, limited research exists on pre-injury SU and on longitudinal studies. Moreover, when exploring SUD, it has not been systematically studied in accordance with CIE or DSM criteria. Alcohol appears to be the most consumed substance among this population.

    Additionally, those patients with SU have shown poorer outcomes in different health indicators. Therefore, more insight is required to increase scientific knowledge in this field and to recommend tailored preventive interventions and research priorities in relation to this population.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Author.
  • Antonak, R. F. y Livneh, H. (1991). A Hierarchy of reactions to disability. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 14, 13-24. doi:1.1097/00004356-199103000-00002
  • Banerjea, R., Findley, P. A., Smith, B., Findley, T. y Sambamoorthi, U. (2009). Co-occurring medical and mental illness and substance use...
  • Bombardier, C. H. y Rimmele, C. T. (1998). Alcohol use and readiness to change after spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and...
  • Bombardier, C. H., Stroud, M.W., Esselman, P.C. y Rimmele, C.T. (2004). Do preinjury alcohol problems predict poorer rehabilitation progress...
  • Bozzacco, V. (1990). Vulnerability and alcohol and substance abuse in spinal cord injury. Rehabilitation Nursing, 15, 70-72. doi:10.1002/j.2048-7940.1990.tb01436.x.
  • Bracken, M. B. y Shepard, M.J. (1980). Coping and adaptation following acute spinal cord injury: a theoretical analysis. Paraplegia, 18, 74-85....
  • Burns, A. S. y Ditunno, J. F. (2001). Establishing prognosis and maximizing functional outcomes after spinal cord injury: a review of current...
  • Charliflue, S.W. y Gerhart, K.A. (1991). Behavioral and demographic predictors of suicide after traumatic spinal cord injury. Archives of...
  • Cushman, L. A., Good, R. G. y States, J. D. (1991). Characteristics of motor vehicle accidents resulting in spinal cord injury. Accident;...
  • Davies, D. S. y McColl, M. A. (2002). Lifestyle risks for three disease outcomes in spinal cord injury. Clinical Rehabilitation, 16, 96-108....
  • de Groot, S., Post, M. W., Snoek, G. J., Schuitemaker, M. y van der Woude, L. H. (2013). Longitudinal association between lifestyle and coronary...
  • Findley, P. A., Banerjea, R. y Sambamoorthi, U. (2011). Excess mortality associated with mental illness and substance use disorders among...
  • Forchheimer, M., Cunningham, R. M., Gater, D. R. Jr. y Maio, R. F. (2005). The relationship of blood alcohol concentration to impairment severity...
  • Frisbie, J. H. y Tun, C. G. (1984). Drinking and spinal cord injury. The Journal of American Paraplegia Society, 7, 71-73.
  • Furlan, J. C. y Fehlings, M. G. (2013). Blood alcohol concentration as a determinant of outcomes after traumatic spinal cord injury. European...
  • Garrison, A., Clifford, K., Gleason, S. F., Tun, C. G., Brown, R. y Garshick E. (2004). Alcohol use associated with cervical spinal cord injury....
  • Hammell, K. R. (1992). Psychological and sociological theories concerning adjustment to traumatic spinal cord injury: the implications for...
  • Heinemann, A. W., Doll, M. D., Armstrong, K. J., Schnoll, S. y Yarkony, G. M. (1991). Substance use and receipt of treatment by persons with...
  • Heinemann, A. W., Keen, M., Donohue, R. y Schnoll, S. Alcohol use by persons with recent spinal cord injury. (1988). Archives of Physical...
  • Heinemann, A.W., Schnoll, S., Brandt, M., Maltz, R. y Keen, M. (1988). Toxicology screening in acute spinal cord injury. Alcoholism, Clinical...
  • Hitzig, S. L., Tonack, M., Campbell, K. A., McGillivray, C. F., Boschen, K. A., Richards, K. y Craven, B. C. (2008). Secondary health complications...
  • Hwang, M., Chlan, K. M., Vogel, L. C. y Zebracki, K. (2012). Substance use in young adults with pediatric-onset spinal cord injury. Spinal...
  • Kiwerski, J. E. y Krasuski, M. (1992). Influence of alcohol intake on the course and consequences of spinal cord injury. International Journal...
  • Kolakowsky-Hayner, S. A., Gourley, E. V. 3rd, Kreutzer, J. S., Marwitz, J. H., Meade, M. A. y Cifu, D. X. (2002). Post-injury substance abuse...
  • Kolakowsky-Hayner, S. A., Gourley, E. V. 3rd, Kreutzer, J. S., Marwitz, J. H., Cifu, D. X. y McKinley, W. O. (1999). Pre-injury substance...
  • Krause, J. S. (1992). Spinal cord injury and its rehabilitation. Current Opinion in Neurology and Neurosurgery, 5, 669-672.
  • Krause, J. S. (2004). Factors associated with risk for subsequent injuries after traumatic spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine...
  • Krause, J. S. (2010). Risk for subsequent injuries after spinal cord injury: a 10-year longitudinal analysis. Archives of Physical Medicine...
  • Krause, J. S., Carter, R. E. y Pickelsimer, E. (2009). Behavioral risk factors of mortality after spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical...
  • Krause, J. S., Coker, J., Charliflue, S. y Whiteneck, G. G. (1999). Health behaviors among American Indians with spinal cord injury: comparison...
  • Krause, J. S., Coker, J. L., Charliflue, S. y Whiteneck, G. G. (2000). Health outcomes among American Indians with spinal cord injury. Archives...
  • Krause, J. S., McArdle, J. J., Pickelsimer, E. y Reed, K. S. (2009). A latent variable structural path model of health behaviors after spinal...
  • Krause, J. S. y Saunders, L. L. (2009). Risk of hospitalizations after spinal cord injury: relationship with biographical, injury, educational,...
  • Levy, D. T., Mallonee, S., Miller, T. R., Smith, G. S., Spicer, R. S., Romano, E. O. y Fisher, D. A. (2004). Alcohol involvement in burn,...
  • McKinley, W. O., Kolakowsky, S. A. y Kreutzer, J. S. (1999). Substance abuse, violence, and outcome after traumatic spinal cord injury. Archives...
  • Meyers, A. R., Feltin, M., Master, R. J., Nicastro, D., Cupples, A., Lederman, R. I. y Branch, L. G. (1985). Rehospitalization and spinal...
  • Njoki, E., Frantz, J. y Mpofu, R. (2007). Health-promotion needs of youth with a spinal cord injury in South Africa. Disability and Rehabilitation,...
  • Perez, M. y Pilsecker, C. (1994). Group psychotherapy with spinal cord injured substance abusers. Paraplegia, 32, 188-192. doi: 10.1038/sc.1994.34
  • Post, M. W. M. y van Leeuwen, C. M. C. (2012). Psychosocial issues in spinal cord injury: a review. Spinal Cord, 50, 382-389. doi: 10.1038/sc.2011.182
  • Radwanski, M. (1992). Self-medicating practices for managing chronic pain after spinal cord injury. Rehabilitation Nursing, 17, 312-317. doi:10.1002/j.2048-7940.1992.tb01266.x.
  • Rish, B. L., Dilustro, J. F., Salazar, A. M., Schwab, K. A. y Brown, H. R. (1997). Spinal cord injury: a 25-year morbidity and mortality study....
  • Rothstein, J. L., Levy, E., Fecher, R., Gordon, S. K. y Bauman, W. A. (1992). Drug use and abuse in an urban veteran spinal cord injured population....
  • Schandler, S. L., Cohen, M. J. y Vulpe, M. (1996). Problem solving and coping strategies in persons with spinal cord injury who have and do...
  • Schandler, S. L., Cohen, M. J., Vulpe, M. y Frank, S. E. (1995). Incidence and characteristics of spinal cord injured patients with a family...
  • Saunders, L. L. y Krause, J. S. (2011). Psychological factors affecting alcohol use after spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 49, 637-642. doi:...
  • Seltz, M., Radnitz, C. y Bauman, W. A. (2004). The relationship of spinal cord injury trauma to alcohol misuse: a study of monozygotic twins....
  • Sliwa, J. A., Lim, A. C. y Roth, E. J. (1992). A second traumatic spinal cord injury: associated risk factors. Case report and review. Paraplegia,...
  • Smedema, S. M. y Ebener, D. (2010). Substance abuse and psychosocial adaptation to physical disability: analysis of the literature and future...
  • Stroud, M. W., Bombardier, C. H., Dyer, J. R., Rimmele, C. T. y Esselman, P. C. (2011). Preinjury alcohol and drug use among persons with...
  • Sweeney, T. T. y Foote, J. E. (1982). Treatment of drug and alcohol abuse in spinal cord injury veterans. The International Journal of the...
  • Tate, D. G. (1993). Alcohol use among spinal cord-injured patients. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 72, 192-195....
  • Tate, D. G., Forchheimer, M. B., Krause, J. S., Meade, M. A. y Bombardier, C. H. (2004). Patterns of alcohol and substance use and abuse in...
  • Treischmann, R. B. (1988). Spinal Cord Injuries: Psychological, social and vocational rehabilitation (2nd ed). New York: Demos Medical Publishing.
  • Turner, A. P., Bombardier, C. H. y Rimmele, C. T. (2003). A typology of alcohol use patterns among persons with recent traumatic brain injury...
  • Vash, C. L. y Crewe, N. M. (2004). Psychology of disability (2nd ed). New York: Springer Publishing.
  • Weaver, F. M., Smith, B., LaVela, S. L., Evans, C. T., Ullrich, P., Miskevics, S.,… Burns, S. P. (2011). Smoking behaviour and delivery of...
  • Wegener, S. T., Adams, L. L. y Rohe, D. (2012). Promoting optimal functioning in spinal cord injury: the role of rehabilitation psychology....
  • Wineman, N. M., Leffler, E., Radziewicz, R. M. y Sams, C. (1999). A comparative analysis of individuals with spinal cord injury who differ...
  • Wright, B.A. (1960). Physical Disability: a psychological approach. New York: Harper and Row.
  • Young, M. E., Rintala, D. H., Rossi, C. D., Hart, K. A. y Fuhrer, M. J. (1995). Alcohol and marijuana use in a community-based sample of persons...