Trastornos del espectro autista y exposiciones ocupacionales de los progenitores

• Autores: Manuel Pino López, Dulce María Romero Ayuso
• Localización: Revista española de salud pública, ISSN 1135-5727, ISSN-e 2173-9110, Vol. 87, Nº. 1, 2013, págs. 73-85
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.4321/S1135-57272013000100008
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Parental Occupational Exposures and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    Fundamentos: Estudios con hermanos y gemelos sugieren un componente genético en el origen del autismo que no explica su crecimiento actual. El objetivo es investigar si factores ambientales como algunas exposiciones profesionales (trabajo nocturno, manejo de disolventes y/o campos electromagnéticos) incrementan la probabilidad de trastornos del espectro autista (TEA) en los hijos. Métodos: Estudio observacional de casos y controles mediante análisis de expedientes de 206 niños entre 16 y 36 meses de edad evaluados en el Servicio de Atención Temprana de Ciudad Real (70 con TEA y 136 no afectados). Para medir el riesgo de TEA asociado al trabajo nocturno, con disolventes y/o campos electromagnéticos se calculó la odds ratio (OR) con un intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95%. Resultados: El riesgo de TEA se multiplica por 2,22 cuando un progenitor trabaja en las ocupaciones estudiadas (OR=2,22, IC 95%=1,42-3,48), destacando trabajo con disolventes (OR=2,81, IC 95%=1,28-6,17) y nocturno (OR=2,18, IC 95%=1,21-3,93). El riesgo se multiplica por 3 si la madre trabaja en estas ocupaciones (OR=3, IC 95%=1,44-6,26), destacando trabajo nocturno (OR=3,47, IC 95%=1,39-8,63) y con disolventes (OR=2,88, IC 95%=1,28-6,17). El riesgo se multiplica por 1,94 si el padre trabaja en estas ocupaciones (OR=1,94, IC 95%=1,07-3,53) y por 2,81 con disolventes (OR=2,81, IC 95%=1,01-7,86). Se encontró asociación positiva entre nivel educativo de los progenitores y TEA. Conclusiones: Encontramos relación significativa entre exposición de los progenitores a los riesgos estudiados y TEA en los hijos. Los resultados sugieren la participación de alteraciones genéticas ocasionadas por factores ambientales en el origen del trastorno.

  • English

    Background: Studies of siblings and twins suggest a genetic component of autism that does not fully explain its current increase. The aim is to investigate whether environmental factors such as exposure to occupational hazards (night work, handling of solvents and/or electromagnetic fields) increases the likelihood of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children. Methods: Observational case control study by analyzing the records of 206 children (age between 16 and 36 months) evaluated in the Early Intervention Service of Ciudad Real (70 with ASD and 136 unaffected children). To assess the risk of ASD associated with night work, handling of solvents and/or electromagnetic fields, odds ratio (OR) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: The risk of ASD is multiplied by 2.22 when one parent works in the studied occupations (OR=2.22, 95% CI=1.42-3.48), highlighting work with solvents (OR=2.81, 95% CI=1.28-6.17) and night work (OR=2.18, 95% CI=1.21-3.93). It is multiplied by 3 if the mother's job is one of these occupations (OR=3, 95% CI=1.44-6.26), standing out night work (OR=3.47, 95% CI=1.39-8.63), and handling of solvents (OR=2.88, 95% CI=1.28-6.17); whereas it is multiplied by 1.94 if the father works in these occupations (OR=1.94, 95% CI=1.07-3.53), standing out handling of solvents (OR=2.81, 95% CI=1.01-7.86). A positive association between the educational level of parents and ASD is found. Conclusions: The results show a significant relationship between the exposure of the parents to occupational hazards and ASD in the children, suggesting the involvement of genetic alterations caused by environmental factors in the origin of the disorder.

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