Mikhail Benet Rodríguez, Juan J. Apollinaire Pinnini, Julio González Leiva, Aldo Jesús Yanes Nuñez, Manuel Fernández Urquiza
FUNDAMENTO: Existe asociación entre diferentes factores de riesgo cardiovasculares con el incremento significativo de la tensión arterial en presencia de estrés psíquico o físico, (reactividad cardiovascular). Nosotros estudiamos esta asociación en individuos normotensos sometidos a un estrés provocado por el ejercicio isométrico que nos aporta la prueba del peso sostenido. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en el que se formaron dos grupos a partir de 267 individuos normotensos. Uno de estudio, de sujetos hiperreactivos cardiovasculares (HRCV) con mayor respuesta de presión arterial (TA)(n=58), con niveles de TA > o = 90/140 mm/Hg, y el otro grupo control, con TA<90/140 mm/Hg, n=209. Se determinó la asociación entre la edad, sexo, sedentarismo, hábito de fumar (HF), ingestión de bebidas alcohólicas (IBA) y los antecedentes patológicos de hipertensión arterial (APF de HTA), con el estado de hiperreactividad cardiovascular. RESULTADOS: el 21,7 % de los individuos fueron HRCV. Los factores de riesgos HF, IBA y sexo no se asociaron con la HRCV P>0,05. El riesgo de los individuos sedentarios de ser HRCV es 2 veces mayor; la edad se asoció a partir de los 40 años y los individuos con APF de HTA tuvieron un riesgo de tener una hiperreactividad cardiovascular 3,85 (2; 7,19) veces mayor que los que no tenían APF de HTA. CONCLUSIONES: Existe una asociación significativa entre la edad mayor de 40 años, los APF de HTA y el sedentarismo, con el estado de HRCV. No así otros factores de riesgo como HF, sexo e IBA.
BACKGROUND: A relationship exists between different cardiovascular risk factors and a significant rise in blood pressure in the presence of psychological or physical stress (cardiovascular reactivity). We studied this relationship in normotense individuals who were subjected to stress caused by isometric exercise, which provided us with proof of the amount of weight withstood. METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted in which 267 normotense individuals were divided into two groups. One of these groups was a study group comprised of cardiovascular hyperreactive (CVHR) with a greater blood pressure response (BP)(n=58), with BP levels > 90/140 mm/Hg, and the other group as a control group, with BP<90/140 mm/Hg, n=209. The relationship was found between the age, gender, sedentarism, smoking habit (SH), alcoholic beverage intake (ABI) and clinical history of blood pressure disorders (CH of BPD with the condition of cardiovascular hyperreactivity. RESULTS: 21.7% of the subjects were CVHR. The risk factors SH, ABI and gender were not related to the CVHR P>0.05. The risk factor of CVHR is twice as high on the part of sedentary individuals, age becoming a factor as of age 40, and those individuals with a CH of BPD had twice the risk of having a cardiovascular hyperreactivity 3.85 (2: 7, 19) as those who had no CH of BPD). CONCLUSIONS: A significant relationship exists between being over age 40, CH of BPD and lack of exercise with a CVHR condition. This was not found to be the case for other risk factors such as SH, gender and ABI.