Efectos de la contaminación atmosférica sobre la salud: una introducción

• Autores: Ferrán Ballester Díez , José María Tenías Burillo , Santiago Pérez-Hoyos
• Localización: Revista española de salud pública, ISSN 1135-5727, ISSN-e 2173-9110, Vol. 73, Nº. 2, 1999, págs. 109-121
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.1590/s1135-57271999000200002
• Títulos paralelos:
  • The impact of air pollution on human health: an introduction
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Dialnet Métricas: 6 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    En los últimos años ha habido un gran avance en el conocimiento y comprensión de los efectos de la contaminación atmosférica. En este trabajo se establecen sus conceptos fundamentales y se revisan las diferentes aproximaciones metodológicas posibles. Entre los estudios epidemiológicos, los de series temporales son los más utilizados para medir los efectos a corto plazo de la contaminación atmosférica. Los factores de confusión más importantes en este tipo de estudios son las variaciones estacionales y semanales, la tendencia, las variables meteorológicas y las enfermedades graves con un comportamiento estacional, como la gripe. Los principales efectos a corto plazo de la contaminación atmosférica sobre la salud van desde un aumento de la mortalidad total y por causas respiratorias y cardiovasculares a las alteraciones del funcionalismo pulmonar y otros síntomas, pasando por un incremento en el número de visitas médicas e ingresos hospitalarios. A pesar de existir un amplio consenso en cuanto al efecto nocivo de la contaminación atmosférica, existen una serie de cuestiones que necesitan de mayor investigación.

  • English

    In recent years, major progress has been made as regards the knowledge and understanding which has been gained of the impact of air pollution. In this study, the basic concepts are set out regarding this subject, and the different possible approaches as far as methodologies are concerned are reviewed. Among the epidemiological studies, the time series studies are those most often used for gauging the short-term impact of air pollution. The most important factors leading to confusion in this type of study are the seasonal and weekly changes, the tendency, the weather variables and the serious illnesses of a seasonal pattern, such as the flu. The main short-term impact of air pollution on human health range from a rise in the overall death rate resulting from respiratory and cardiovascular diseases to the worsening of lung function and other symptoms, including a rise in the number of doctor visits and hospital admissions. Despite a widespread consensus existing with regard to the harmful impact of air pollution, there are a number of questions currently in the need of further research.

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