Objetivo Analizar si un programa de ejercicio físico (EF) modifica la hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c), la presión arterial (PA), el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la lipidemia, el riesgo cardiovascular (RCV), el estado de salud autopercibido (ESA) y el gasto farmacéutico (GF).
Diseño Ensayo clínico aleatorizado controlado, simple ciego. Intervención: programa de EF aeróbico supervisado. Análisis por intención de tratar.
Emplazamiento Atención primaria: 2 zonas de salud rurales. Área Salud Navalmoral, Cáceres, Servicio Extremeño de Salud.
Participantes Cien diabéticos tipo 2, de 65-80 años, sedentarios; 50% grupo control (GC), 50% grupo intervención (GI). Abandonos: 12%.
Intervención EF aeróbico supervisado: 50 min, 2 días/semana, 3 meses.
Mediciones principales : HbA1c, PA, IMC, lipidemia, RCV, ESA, GF, complicaciones durante EF.
Resultados Diferencias postintervención entre grupos en HbA1c, PA, IMC, colesterol y ESA. En GI disminución de HbA1c: 0,2 ± 0,4% (IC del 95%, 0,1 a 0,3); PA sistólica: 8,5 ± 11,8 mmHg (IC del 95%, 5,1 a 11,9); IMC: 0,5 ± 1 (IC del 95%, 0,2 a 0,8); colesterol: 14 ± 28,2 mg/dl (IC del 95%, 5,9 a 22,2); LDL: 18,3 ± 28,2 mg/dl (IC del 95%, 10,2 a 26,3), RCV: 6,7 ± 7,7% (IC del 95%, 4,5 a 8,9), GF: 3,9 ± 10,2 € (IC del 95%, 0,9 a 6,8) y aumento del ESA: 4,7 ± 5,7 (IC del 95%, 3 a 6,3).
Conclusiones En diabéticos mayores de 65 años un programa de EF aeróbico supervisado de fácil ejecución mejora la HbA1c, la PA, la colesterolemia, el RCV, el GF y el ESA.
Objective To analyze whether an exercise program can modify glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), lipids, cardiovascular risk profile (CVR), self-perceived health status (SHS), and pharmaceutical expenditure (PE).
Design A randomized, single blind, controlled trial. Intervention: program of supervised aerobic physical exercise. Analysis by intention to treat.
Location Primary Care: 2 rural health areas. Health Area of Navalmoral. Cáceres. Extremadura. Spain.
Participants 100 type 2 diabetic patients, aged 65 to 80 years, sedentary. Distribution: 50% control group (CG) and 50% intervention group (IG). Abandoned 12%.
Intervention monitored aerobic exercise: 40 minutes, 2 days/week, 3 months.
Key measures HbA1c, BP, BMI, lipid, CVR, SHS, PE. Complications during exercise.
Results There were post-intervention differences between groups in HbA1c, BP, BMI, cholesterol and SHS. In the IG, there was a significant decrease in; HbA1c: 0.2 ± 0.4% (95% CI: 0.1 to 0.3), systolic BP: 11.8 ± 8.5 mmHg (95% CI: 5.1 to 11.9), BMI: 0.5 ± 1 (95% CI: 0.2 to 0.8), total cholesterol: 14 ± 28.2 mg/dl (95% CI: 5.9 to 22.2), LDL: 18.3 ± 28.2 mg/dl 95% CI: 10.2 to 26.3), CVR: 6.7 ± 7.7% (95% CI: 4.5 to 8.9), PE: 3.9 ± 10.2 € (95% CI: 0.9 to 6.8), and an increase in SHS; 4.7 ± 5.7 (95% CI: 3 to 6.3).
Conclusions In diabetics over 65 years, a program of monitored aerobic exercise, of easy implementation, improves HbA1c, BP, cholesterol, CVR, PE, and SHS.