Influencia de los factores individuales de los pacientes diagnosticados de esquizofrenia en la presencia de violencia laboral en unidades de salud mental

• Autores: Jorge Quílez Jover, María Teresa Icart Isern
• Localización: Metas de enfermería, ISSN 1138-7262, Vol. 18, Nº. 5, 2015
• Idioma: español
• Texto completo no disponible (Saber más ...)
• Resumen
  • español

    Objetivo: evaluar la información disponible en materia de factores de riesgo que influyen en que los pacientes diagnosticados de esquizofrenia ingresados en unidades de salud mental mantengan conductas violentas hacia el personal de Enfermería.

    Método: la búsqueda de artículos se ha realizado en las bases de datos electrónicas PubMed, CINAHL y la plataforma Scopus desde enero de 1998 hasta 2013. Se han incluido estudios en lengua inglesa, francesa o española que evalúen la influencia de los factores de riesgo en relación a la presencia de conductas violentas de pacientes con esquizofrenia.

    Resultados: para esta revisión se localizaron 158 estudios potencialmente relevantes. De estos, 42 (26,6%) se descartaron al aplicar los límites de la búsqueda: idioma, periodo de búsqueda y por carecer de la versión completa del documento. De los 116 estudios seleccionados para su valoración detallada, 105 (90,52%) se excluyeron por no cumplir algún criterio de inclusión como no recoger factores de riesgo de conductas violentas, analizar muestras que no incluían pacientes con esquizofrenia o no aportar resultados claros y concretos. Finalmente el número total de artículos seleccionados fue 11 (9,48%).

    Discusión y conclusiones: los factores de riesgo se clasifican de acuerdo al modelo conceptual de Chappell y Di Martino centrándose en los factores individuales de los agresores (pacientes). Los factores que presentan mayor relación con el aumento de incidentes violentos son el consumo de tóxicos, ser hombre de entre 20-40 años de edad, ingreso judicial o involuntario, presencia de pródromos y el uso de las medidas restrictivas como primera elección de terapia.

  • English

    Objective: to assess the information available regarding risk factors with an influence on the potential violent behaviours towards the Nursing staff by patients diagnosed with schizophrenia admitted to Mental Health Units.

    Method: the search for articles was conducted in the PubMed and CINHAL electronic databases, and the Scopus Platform, from January, 1998 to 2013. Studies in English, French and Spanish were included, which assessed the influence of risk factors regarding the presence of violent behaviours by patients with schizophrenia.

    Results: for this review, 158 potentially relevant studies were located. Out of these, 42 (26.6%) were ruled out by applying the search limits: language, search period, and lack of the complete version of the document. Out of those 116 studies selected for their detailed assessment, 105 (90.52%) were excluded because some inclusion criterion was not met, such as lack of collection of risk factors for violent behaviours, analyzing samples which did not include patients with schizophrenia, or not providing clear and specific outcomes. Finally, the total number of articles selected was 11 (9.48%).

    Discussion and conclusions: risk factors are classified according to the Conceptual Model by Chappell and Di Martino, focusing on the individual factors of the aggressors (patients). Those factors presenting a higher relationship with an increase in violent incidents are: the use of toxic substances, being a 20-to-40-year old male, involuntary or judicial commitment, presence of prodromes, and use of restraining measures as first therapy choice.

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