Resultados maternos y perinatales en gestantes nulíparas con preeclampsia de aparición tardía: estudio comparativo frente a gestantes sin preeclampsia

• Autores: Danny Salazar Pousada, Peter Chedraui, Alejandro Villao, Gonzálo Pérez Roncero, Luis Hidalgo
• Localización: Enfermería clínica, ISSN 1130-8621, Vol. 24, Nº. 6, 2014, págs. 345-350
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2014.05.001
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Maternal and perinatal outcomes in nulliparous gestations with late onset preeclampsia: Comparative study with gestations without preeclampsia
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• Resumen
  • español

    Objetivo Evaluar los resultados obstétricos de una muestra de gestantes nulíparas con preeclampsia, en comparación con gestantes sin preeclampsia, asistidas en el Hospital Enrique C. Sotomayor de Guayaquil, Ecuador.

    Método Este fue un estudio comparativo de los resultados maternos y perinatales de gestantes con preeclampsia de aparición tardía (n = 150; edad gestacional = 36,7 ± 3,3 semanas) frente a los de embarazos normales (n = 150; edad gestacional 38,7 ± 1,7 semanas).

    Resultados Un 73,3% de los casos de preeclampsia fueron formas graves. En comparación con los embarazos normales, los casos de preeclampsia tuvieron índices antropométricos (perímetro del cuello y del brazo) más altos y mayores tasas de oligoamnios, cesáreas, transfusiones, niños con distrés respiratorio y resultados perinatales adversos como test de Apgar bajo al nacer y mayores tasas de nacimientos pretérmino, nacidos de bajo peso, y niños pequeños para la edad gestacional.

    Conclusión Las embarazadas con preeclampsia tuvieron resultados maternos y perinatales negativos en comparación con las gestantes sin preeclampsia.

  • English

    Objective To assess obstetrical outcomes in a sample of nulliparous gestations with preeclampsia, as compared to gestations without preeclampsia, attended in the Enrique C. Sotomayor Hospital of Guayaquil, Ecuador.

    Method This was a comparative study of maternal and perinatal outcome data of gestations with late onset preeclampsia (n = 150; gestational age = 36.7 ± 3.3 weeks) with that of normal gestations (n = 150; gestational age 38.7 ± 1.7 weeks).

    Results Almost three-quarters (73.3%) of preeclampsia cases were defined as severe. Compared to normal gestations, preeclampsia cases had higher anthropometric indices (neck and mid-arm circumference) and had more oligohydramnios, cesarean sections, transfusions, distressed fetuses, and adverse perinatal outcomes such as, lower Apgar scores at birth, and more preterm births, lower birth weight and small for gestational age infants.

    Conclusion Gestations with preeclampsia had a negative impact on maternal and perinatal outcomes compared to gestations without preeclampsia.

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