Due to the fact that drug consumption in young people is a matter of great interest in our society, more and more surveys have studied about it, to the point of existing a great amount of unconnected epidemiologic data nowadays, which lack coherence and haven´t been properly related. Considering this situation, this paper proposes an integrated analysis of the current situation of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis and other illegal drugs consumption in Spanish adolescents. Besides, in this discourse, it is exposed the influence of social, cultural and political factors, that is, factors that may be responsible either of the decrease or stabilization in some substances or of the increase in others. In line with this explanation, we propose some recommendations for the prevention of substance use in Spanish young people.