Variaciones en el uso de substancias entre clubbers de acuerdo con factores individuales y de nivel de escena

• Autores: Tammy L. Anderson, Philip R. Kavanaugh, Laura Rapp, Kevin Daly
• Localización: Adicciones: Revista de socidrogalcohol, ISSN 0214-4840, Vol. 21, Nº. 4, 2009, págs. 289-308
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.20882/adicciones.221
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen

  • La investigación sobre clubes nocturnos abarca numerosos campos y adopta diversos enfoques sobre las poblaciones examinadas. Sin embargo, sólo ha emergido una narrativa un tanto homogénea sobre clubbers y uso de sustancias, aquella que se centra en el abuso, los comportamientos de riesgo y sus considerables consecuencias. El objetivo de este estudio es desarmar esta narrativa explorando cómo los patrones de uso de sustancias de las poblaciones de clubbers difieren en función de factores individuales y de nivel de escena. De esta forma, esperamos incrementar la comprensión sobre la forma en que los factores culturales y sociales tienen un impacto en las relaciones entre clubbers y consumo de sustancias. Para ello recurrimos a la observación directa de eventos en 29 clubes y, para completar nuestros objetivos de investigación, realizamos entrevistas a 51 participantes de la escena hip hop (HH) y de música electrónica de baile (MEB) de Philadelphia.

    El análisis reveló dos criterios amplios para proporcionar una tipología basada en el consumo de drogas de los clubbers: motivaciones para el clubbing y nivel y tipo de participación en dicha escena. Partiendo de estas dos dimensiones, pudimos distinguir tres tipos de clubbers: miembros de la subcultura de la droga, clubbers comerciales y entendidos en música. Los miembros de la subcultura de la droga describieron comienzos tempranos en el uso de la droga, así como frecuencias actuales de uso mayores tanto en eventos de clubes de MEB, en gran parte clandestinos, como fuera de ellos. Los clubbers comerciales relataron historias benignas sobre uso de drogas, e indicaron haber asistido a eventos en su mayor parte comercializados de HH para emborracharse y tratar de conquistar al sexo opuesto. Los entendidos en música refirieron, en la actualidad, consumos mínimos de drogas y alcohol exclusivamente en eventos clandestinos de MEB y HH, después de, en algunos casos, historiales de uso extensivo de drogas y alcohol. Las diferencias entre estos tres grupos, con distintos modelos de consumo de sustancias, argüimos, pueden atribuirse a la interacción entre los numerosos factores sociales y culturales no considerados anteriormente.

    Palabras clave: Cultura juvenil, drogas, hip hop, música electrónica.

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