Revisión sobre el consumo de cannabis como factor de riesgo de la esquizofrenia

• Autores: Francisco Arias Horcajadas
• Localización: Adicciones: Revista de socidrogalcohol, ISSN 0214-4840, Vol. 19, Nº. 2, 2007, págs. 191-203
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.20882/adicciones.316
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Dialnet Métricas: 6 Citas
• Resumen

  • El consumo de cannabis es altamente prevalente entre los jóvenes, existiendo controversia sobre los riesgos psicosociales de dicho consumo. De estos riesgos hay que destacar la posibilidad de que el cannabis sea un factor de riesgo de una enfermedad tan grave e incapacitante como la esquizofrenia. Sobre este tema ha surgido recientemente una avalancha de información que es pertinente revisar. Se dispone de una serie de estudios de cohortes que apoyan la idea del consumo de cannabis como inductor de síntomas psicóticos y como factor precipitante de la esquizofrenia. Dichos estudios presentan una serie de limitaciones metodológicas que analizamos de forma crítica, como son la medida de diversas variables resultado, la heterogeneidad en las medidas de vulnerabilidad a la psicosis, la dificultad para controlar todos los posibles factores de confusión o la interpretación inadecuada de los resultados obtenidos. Como conclusión, consideramos que el consumo de cannabis está claramente asociado con la inducción de síntomas psicóticos y, posiblemente, es un factor de riesgo de la esquizofrenia en personas con una vulnerabilidad genética o psicosocial, siendo necesarias medidas preventivas en los grupos de alto riesgo que son fundamentalmente los consumidores de grandes cantidades de cannabis y los que inician el consumo en la adolescencia.

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