La intervención breve para dejar de fumar en mujeres embarazadas: Una revisión de revisiones

• Autores: Pedro Jorge Araujo, Naira del Pino Rodríguez Granado, María Lourdes Gómez Perera, Tamara Linares Pérez, Francisco José González Pérez, Domingo Jesús Álamo López
• Localización: Revista Iberoamericana de Enfermería Comunitaria: RIdEC, ISSN 1988-5474, Vol. 18, Nº. 2, 2025, págs. 84-110
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Brief interventions for smoking cessation in pregnant women: An umbrella review
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Objetivo: la epidemia de tabaquismo es una de las mayores amenazas para la salud pública que ha tenido que afrontar el mundo. Causa más de ocho millones de muertes al año en todo el mundo. Fumar durante el embarazo es un factor de riesgo asociado a resultados adversos del embarazo. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido localizar, organizar y sintetizar la información de las revisiones sistemáticas que hayan analizado si la intervención breve contribuye al abandono del hábito tabáquico en mujeres embarazadas fumadoras.

    Metodología: revisión de revisiones realizada en diciembre del año 2024 en ocho bases de datos: Pubmed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, SciELO, LILACS, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, Epistemonikos y EMBASE.

    Resultados: en la búsqueda, se identificaron un total de 1.262 registros. Fueron elegidas siete revisiones sistemáticas que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Las intervenciones breves para dejar de fumar (basadas en las 5A) en mujeres embarazadas han mostrado efectos positivos en las tasas de abandono o reducción del consumo de tabaco. Estas intervenciones deben estar adaptadas a las necesidades individuales de cada persona. No obstante, se necesitan investigaciones futuras que sinteticen la información en torno a este importante tema.

    Conclusiones: esta es la primera revisión paraguas sobre el tema. Son escasas las revisiones sistemáticas que trataran específicamente de la intervención breve (basada en las 5A propuesta por la OMS) para dejar de fumar en mujeres embarazadas.

  • English

    Objective: The tobacco epidemic represents one of the most significant public health threats the world has ever faced, accounting for more than eight million deaths annually worldwide. Smoking during pregnancy is a critical risk factor associated with adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes. The objective of this study was to locate, organize, and synthesize evidence from systematic reviews analyzing whether brief interventions contribute to smoking cessation among pregnant smokers.

    Methodology: A review of reviews (umbrella review) was conducted in December 2024 across eight electronic databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, SciELO, LILACS, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, Epistemonikos, and EMBASE.

    Results: The initial search identified a total of 1,262 records. Seven systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria and were selected for synthesis. Brief smoking cessation interventions (based on the 5As framework) in pregnant women demonstrated positive effects on cessation rates and the reduction of tobacco consumption. These interventions must be tailored to the individual needs of each patient. Nonetheless, further research is required to synthesize evidence regarding this critical public health issue.

    Conclusions: This study constitutes the first umbrella review on this specific topic. There is a paucity of systematic reviews specifically addressing brief interventions (based on the WHO-proposed 5As) for smoking cessation in pregnant women.

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