Acceso usuarios
Claudia Rodríguez Leana, Ma. Gloria Vega Argote, Sandra Hernández Corral
Objetivo: describir el efecto de los determinantes sociales en la calidad de vida durante el envejecimiento activo de los adultos mayores en tres municipios de México.
Método: estudio transversal, con n= 175 adultos mayores que cumplían los criterios de selección. Se realizaron las entrevistas en salas de espera de centros de salud, durante enero-abril de 2023. Se utilizó el instrumento WHOQOL-OLD. Análisis de incidencia e interrelación, medidas de tendencia central, ANOVA y t de Student.
Resultado: el 63% de la muestra era mujer; el 42,5% tenía entre 60 y 69 años; estaba casado el 35,6%; tuvo un ingreso insuficiente el 38,3% y un 83,2% tenía presencia de enfermedades crónicas. Se considera enfermo el 78,1%, perciben su calidad de vida de mala a regular Pilcaya el 58%, en Cuernavaca el 23,4% y en Irapuato el 25,5%; realiza diversas actividades cotidianas el 88,7% y trabaja el 29%. En el análisis de la prueba t, los adultos mayores que mencionan estar sanos en las cuatro dimensiones de la calidad de vida puntuaron más, excepto aquellos que tienen apoyo para sus tratamientos.
Conclusión: la calidad de vida en la persona adulta mayor se fragiliza por inequidad y disparidades injustas evitables que afectan a este grupo poblacional, visibilizar a las personas que en mayoría desarrollan actividades recreativas y/o laborales acordes a su capacidad física e intelectual.
Objective: To describe the effect of social determinants on the quality of life during active aging among older adults in three municipalities in Mexico.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of n=175 older adults who met the selection criteria. Interviews were carried out in health center waiting rooms between January and April 2023. The WHOQOL-OLD instrument was utilized. Data analysis included incidence and interrelation assessment, measures of central tendency, ANOVA, and Student's t-test.
Results: Within the sample, 63% were female; 42.5% were aged 60–69 years; 35.6% were married; 38.3% reported insufficient income, and 83.2% presented chronic diseases. Furthermore, 78.1% considered themselves ill. Regarding perceived quality of life, ratings from poor to fair were reported by 58% in Pilcaya, 23.4% in Cuernavaca, and 25.5% in Irapuato. In terms of functional status, 88.7% performed various daily activities and 29% remained employed. The t-test analysis showed that older adults who reported being healthy scored higher across the four quality of life dimensions, with the exception of those receiving support for their treatments.
Conclusion: Quality of life in older persons is weakened by inequity and unjust, avoidable disparities affecting this population group. It is essential to increase the visibility of individuals who, for the most part, engage in recreational and/or occupational activities consistent with their physical and intellectual capacities.
