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Objective: To examine the association between household socioeconomic vulnerability and adverse birth outcomes among pregnant women in an urban Indonesian setting.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational comparative analytical study recruited 120 pregnant women from public primary health centers and private maternity clinics in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Household socioeconomic vulnerability was defined based on eligibility for the national Integrated Social Welfare Data system (DTKS). Birth outcomes, including preterm birth and short birth length, were collected postpartum using a structured online questionnaire distributed via WhatsApp, with guidance from enumerators and reference to available official documents when possible. Group comparisons between socioeconomically vulnerable and non-vulnerable households were conducted using chi-square tests and independent-samples t-tests, followed by multivariable logistic regression adjusting for maternal age.
Results: Preterm birth occurred in 7.5 % of pregnancies, and short birth length (< 48 cm) was observed in 33.3% of newborns. The proportion of short birth length was higher among socioeconomically vulnerable households compared with nonvulnerable households (42.9 % vs 28.2 %; p = 0.104). The prevalence of preterm birth was similar between groups (7.1 % vs 7.7 %; p = 1.000). Mean birth length and mean birth weight did not differ significantly by socioeconomic status (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Although differences did not reach statistical significance, a higher proportion of short birth length was observed among infants born to socioeconomically vulnerable households. These findings suggest that socioeconomic vulnerability may influence fetal growth patterns and underscore the importance of addressing social determinants within antenatal care services in urban Indonesian settings.
Objective: To examine the association between household socioeconomic vulnerability and adverse birth outcomes among pregnant women in an urban Indonesian setting.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational comparative analytical study recruited 120 pregnant women from public primary health centers and private maternity clinics in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Household socioeconomic vulnerability was defined based on eligibility for the national Integrated Social Welfare Data system (DTKS). Birth outcomes, including preterm birth and short birth length, were collected postpartum using a structured online questionnaire distributed via WhatsApp, with guidance from enumerators and reference to available official documents when possible. Group comparisons between socioeconomically vulnerable and non-vulnerable households were conducted using chi-square tests and independent-samples t-tests, followed by multivariable logistic regression adjusting for maternal age.
Results: Preterm birth occurred in 7.5 % of pregnancies, and short birth length (< 48 cm) was observed in 33.3% of newborns. The proportion of short birth length was higher among socioeconomically vulnerable households compared with nonvulnerable households (42.9 % vs 28.2 %; p = 0.104). The prevalence of preterm birth was similar between groups (7.1 % vs 7.7 %; p = 1.000). Mean birth length and mean birth weight did not differ significantly by socioeconomic status (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Although differences did not reach statistical significance, a higher proportion of short birth length was observed among infants born to socioeconomically vulnerable households. These findings suggest that socioeconomic vulnerability may influence fetal growth patterns and underscore the importance of addressing social determinants within antenatal care services in urban Indonesian settings.
