Eficacia de la rehabilitación basada en ejercicio para mejorar la función pulmonar en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica: revisión sistemática

• Autores: Patricia Costa Rodriguez, Ana María Lascorz Goicoechea, Teresa Sierra Pascual, Andrea Fumanal Escartín, Ignacio Conde Arias, Raquel Magaz Montaner
• Localización: Revista Sanitaria de Investigación, ISSN-e 2660-7085, Vol. 6, Nº. 9, 2025
• Idioma: español
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad a nivel mundial, caracterizada por limitación del flujo aéreo y deterioro progresivo de la función pulmonar. La rehabilitación basada en ejercicio ha demostrado ser una intervención eficaz para mejorar la capacidad funcional, reducir la disnea y mejorar la calidad de vida en estos pacientes.

    Esta revisión sistemática analiza la evidencia publicada entre 2013 y 2023 sobre programas de ejercicio supervisado y domiciliario en adultos con EPOC. Se incluyeron 25 estudios, entre ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y revisiones sistemáticas. Los hallazgos muestran que los programas supervisados, combinando entrenamiento aeróbico y de fuerza, producen mejoras significativas en el volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo (FEV1), la distancia caminada en 6 minutos y la percepción de disnea.

    En conclusión, la rehabilitación basada en ejercicio es una intervención segura y eficaz para pacientes con EPOC, recomendándose como tratamiento de primera línea dentro de programas multidisciplinarios de fisioterapia pulmonar.

  • English

    Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, characterized by airflow limitation and progressive decline in lung function. Exercise-based rehabilitation has been shown to improve functional capacity, reduce dyspnea, and enhance quality of life in COPD patient.

    This systematic review analyzes evidence published between 2013 and 2023 on supervised and home-based exercise programs in adults with COPD. Twenty-five studies, including randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews, were included. Findings indicate that supervised programs combining aerobic and strength training significantly improve forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), 6-minute walk distance, and dyspnea perception.

    In conclusion, exercise-based rehabilitation is a safe and effective intervention for COPD patients, recommended as a first-line treatment within multidisciplinary pulmonary physiotherapy programs.

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