Efectividad de la fisioterapia en el síndrome subacromial de hombro: revisión sistemática

• Autores: Andrea Fumanal Escartín, Raquel Magaz Montaner, Patricia Costa Rodriguez, Ana María Lascorz Goicoechea, Teresa Sierra Pascual, Ignacio Conde Arias
• Localización: Revista Sanitaria de Investigación, ISSN-e 2660-7085, Vol. 6, Nº. 9, 2025
• Idioma: español
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Introducción: El síndrome subacromial de hombro es una de las principales causas de dolor y disfunción del hombro, representando un motivo frecuente de consulta en fisioterapia. Este estudio tiene como objetivo sintetizar la evidencia científica sobre la efectividad de las intervenciones fisioterapéuticas en pacientes con síndrome subacromial.

    Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática en PubMed, Scopus y Cochrane Library. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, estudios observacionales y revisiones sistemáticas publicadas hasta 2023. Se extrajeron datos sobre técnicas de ejercicio, terapia manual y modalidades complementarias.

    Resultados: La evidencia respalda la efectividad de los programas de ejercicio terapéutico enfocados en el fortalecimiento del manguito rotador y la musculatura escapular. La terapia manual y la educación del paciente también muestran beneficios adicionales. No obstante, los estudios presentan heterogeneidad metodológica.

    Conclusiones: La fisioterapia constituye una herramienta eficaz en el manejo del síndrome subacromial de hombro, especialmente mediante programas de ejercicio terapéutico y estrategias multimodales. Se requieren más ensayos clínicos de alta calidad para establecer protocolos estandarizados.

  • English

    Introduction: Subacromial shoulder syndrome is one of the leading causes of shoulder pain and dysfunction, representing a frequent reason for physical therapy consultation. This study aims to synthesize the scientific evidence on the effectiveness of physiotherapeutic interventions in patients with subacromial syndrome.

    Methods: A systematic review was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. Randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and systematic reviews published up to 2023 were included. Data on exercise therapy, manual therapy, and complementary modalities were extracted.

    Results: Evidence supports the effectiveness of therapeutic exercise programs focused on strengthening the rotator cuff and scapular muscles. Manual therapy and patient education also show additional benefits. However, studies present methodological heterogeneity.

    Conclusions: Physiotherapy is an effective tool in the management of subacromial shoulder syndrome, particularly through therapeutic exercise and multimodal strategies. Further high-quality randomized trials are required to standardize protocols.

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