Importancia del ejercicio físico durante el embarazo: una revisión sistemática

• Autores: María Iglesias Lázaro, Aitana Roldán Montejo, Alba Rubio García, Álvaro Sánchez Arias, María Zapater López, Luisa María Cuadrado Planas
• Localización: Revista Sanitaria de Investigación, ISSN-e 2660-7085, Vol. 6, Nº. 9, 2025
• Idioma: español
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Introducción: La actividad física (AF) prescrita y supervisada durante la gestación se asocia a múltiples beneficios maternofetales, pero la adherencia sigue siendo baja.

    Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos del ejercicio prenatal sobre desenlaces maternos y neonatales en estudios publicados desde 2015.

    Métodos: Se siguieron las directrices PRISMA 2020. Se buscaron ensayos clínicos, estudios observacionales y revisiones sistemáticas en PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library y CINAHL (1 ene 2015 – 25 jun 2025). La calidad metodológica se evaluó mediante RoB 2.0, Newcastle‑Ottawa Scale, AMSTAR‑2.

    Resultados: Los programas de AF ≥ 150 min/sem iniciados en el primer‑segundo trimestre redujeron un 39 % la diabetes gestacional, 47 % los trastornos hipertensivos, la ganancia ponderal (‑1 kg) y la macrosomía (‑21 %). No se detectaron aumentos de parto pretérmino ni efectos adversos graves.

    Conclusiones: El ejercicio prenatal guiado es seguro y eficaz para prevenir complicaciones obstétricas frecuentes y mejorar el bienestar de la gestante. Su prescripción debe integrarse en la atención prenatal rutinaria mediante programas accesibles y adaptados.

  • English

    Introduction: Physical exercise during pregnancy has been widely recommended by international health organizations due to its multiple benefits. However, its implementation remains limited in many settings.

    Objective: To analyze the effects of prenatal exercise on maternal and neonatal outcomes in studies published after 2015.

    Methods: PRIMA 2020 recomendations were followed. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL, including studies published between 2015 and 2025, observational studies, and systematic reviews were included. Methodological quality was assessed using RoB 2.0, the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and AMSTAR-2.

    Results: Regular physical guided exercise during pregnancy is safe and useful when preventing obstetric complicatios and improving well-being. Its prescription should be implemente in prenatal care.

    Conclusion: Exercise during pregnancy is a safe, effective, and beneficial intervention for both maternal and fetal health. There is a need to strengthen public health policies promoting pregnancy-adapted physical activity.

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